Differences between b2b marketing and b2c marketing Essay

Differences between b2b marketing and b2c marketing - Essay Example You need to distinguish first whom your target client is, then evaluate why this specific client needs to heed your point. From that point, the promoting exercises take center stage. While enthusiastic variables have substantial influence in a shoppers choice to buy an item, B2B acquiring choices is less passionate and more errand-situated. Protracted and complex deals cycles help to develop solid B2B vender purchaser connections and brand unwaveringness contrasted with B2C marketing. Nonetheless, B2C and B2B marketing targets both reflect the essential standards of the marketing blend. An authoritative objective of B2C promoting is to change over clients into consistent purchasers as commandingly and dependably as could be permitted. Adjei and Clark (2010) highlighted that B2C organizations utilize additional marketing exercises such as coupons, showcases, storefronts (both physical and online), and presents to allure the target business sector to purchase products. B2C promoting battles are focused on the means of trade that have a short span, and the urge to catch the clients advantage quickly. These crusades regularly offer exceptional arrangements, rebates, or tickets, which could be utilized both on the internet and as a part of the store. Case in point, the objective of using an email address battle to advertise a B2C organization is to acquire shoppers to purchase the item promptly. The address will direct buyers to a greeting page on the location intended to offer the item and make buying simple by coordinating the shopping truck and evaluation page that l ands them into the stream of the exchange. Anything beyond a few clicks will make the clients be prone to relinquish the shopping truck. One fascinating part of B2C advertising, nonetheless, is that numerous organizations have understood the significance of faithfulness. In spite of the fact that the objective of B2B promoting is to change prospects into

A Great Global Warming Swindle Essay Example for Free

A Great Global Warming Swindle Essay â€Å"A Great Global Warming Swindle† was a documentary which implied that the increase in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide was not the cause of the increase in temperature. It states otherwise: the increasing amount of carbon dioxide is itself the result of the rising temperature. Generally, the documentary asserts that man-made global warming is a lie. Before our film showing, I have already watched Al Gore’s â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth† twice. â€Å"A Great Global Warming Swindle† presented a whole lot different view and it quite made things a little bit confusing. I used to be a hundred and one percent sure that global warming is indeed mainly caused by the increased amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere but after watching the documentary, well it changes things because ideas get mixed up. And now, I am being presented two ideas which are contradicting each other. Based on my own understanding and knowledge about the idea, I strongly believe that carbon dioxide plays a major role in the currently rapid increase of global temperature. As far as I could remember, since elementary it has always been discussed in my science class that greenhouse gasses cause global warming and that carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. It has been like that for like†¦ forever? My mother told me once that one time when she went to Baguio, snow fell. I really don’t know if she was telling the truth but being a child, I believed her. When she told me that story, I guess I was 5 years old. During those times, going out in the sun during 9 o’clock in the morning is still safe and it won’t bring you any harm. The sun’s rays were still â€Å"friendly†. Comparing those times to the present time, one would note that: there were lesser vehicles; electricity was not a â€Å"major major† commodity; we have more trees and forests; deforestation and kaingin were not that rampant†¦ generally, we were living a simple, eco-friendly and less innovative kind of life. Nowadays, our way of life has improved but it had adverse effects. The one that has been greatly affected was the environment. As our way of living continues to improve, so does the temperature. The temperature improves in the way that it continues increasing. As men find ways in improving their way of living, they intentionally and unintentionally destroy the environment — the increase in global temperature seems to go with it. Basing on what is happening today and on what had happened, it seems very logical that global warming may really be man-made. It seems to be caused greatly by man’s activities. Man has been destroying the Earth and global warming is one of the indicators that it is indeed in the verge of destruction. But the point of â€Å"A Great Global Warming Swindle† is that the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is much greater than the amount of carbon dioxide. So what? † you may ask. It matters because, as a matter of fact, water vapor itself is a greenhouse gas. This somehow piqued my curiosity. Was I wrong for believing that global warming is man-made? To feed man’s curiosity there are two things, among all innovations and inventions, that were proven to be very helpful — research and the internet. Though research in high school has deprived me of one factor essential in a person’s biological growth — that is sleep — I did a little of it to support my stand by basing on the opinions of others. Here is a summary of what I have read from different sources†¦ â€Å"†¦ Although the documentary was welcomed by global warming skeptics, it was criticized by scientific organizations and individual scientists (including two of the films contributors). The films critics argued that it had misused and fabricated data, relied on out-of-date research, employed misleading arguments, and misrepresented the position of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change †(Wikipedia. ) â€Å"†¦they completely misrepresented me. My views were distorted by the context in which they placed them. I was misled as to what it was going to be about. I was told about six months ago that this was to be a programme about how complicated it is to understand what is going on. If they had told me even the title of the programme, I would have absolutely refused to be on it. I am the one who has been swindled †(Professor Carl Wunsch, Pure Propaganda — The Great Global Warming. ) †¦In other words, CO2 does not initiate the warmings, but acts as an amplifier once they are underway. (Professor Severinghaus, Pure Propaganda — The Great Global Warming. ) According to some, the documentary might have wrongly presented or misinterpreted the ideas of the scientists and the data they have gathered. They might have spread absurd arguments and have caused great confusion, especially to the viewers. To others, the documentary might have been enlightenment to what is really happening. But in the end, it is up for us to choose which side we are going to believe. It does not matter if you are the only one who seems to have a different view compared to others. Always remember, there are no wrong opinions†¦ only those that oppose everyone else’s.

Epic of Beowulf Essay - Dating and Locating the Composition of Beowulf

Dating and Locating the Composition of Beowulf      Ã‚  Ã‚   Dating and locating the composition of Beowulf is impossible to do with precision at this time because we do not have enough information about the poem’s specific historical context and because the poem is not constructed in such a consistently symbolic way to warrant a single allegorical-historical interpretation..    Estimates of the date of the poem’s composition â€Å"range from 340 to 1025, with ca. 515-530 and 1000 being almost universally acknowledged as the possible extremes† (Bjork 13). Current thinking is balanced between roughly this view and the late ninth to early tenth centuries. â€Å"critics generally agree upon an early period, ranging from the late seventh to the early ninth century (Greenfield 66). The Cambridge History of English and American Literature states in v1, ch3, s3,n11: â€Å". . . most of the historical events mentioned in Beowulf are to be dated within the first three decades of the sixth century.†    One clue to dating the composition was thought to lie in the use of the word merewioingas (translated by some scholars as Merovingian), a word which is used only in this poem and in no other Old English poetry or prose. In 752 the Merovingian dynasty ended, but poetic reference to it could have been added later – so this is no real help. â€Å". . . the composition of the poem, thich is usually thought to have taken place no later than the eighth century† (Stanley 4).    Scholars now consider that there were only five times and places possessing the power and culture that could have supported the production of such a sophisticated work of art as Beowulf: (1) seventh century east Anglia (the age of Sutton Hoo); (2) late seventh to earl... ...ert Bjork and John D. Niles. Lincoln, Nebraska: Uiversity of Nebraska Press, 1997.    Fulk, R.D.. â€Å"Textual Criticism.† In A Beowulf Handbook, edited by Robert Bjork and John D. Niles. Lincoln, Nebraska: Uiversity of Nebraska Press, 1997.    Greenfield, Stanley B. â€Å"Nature and Quality of Old English Poetry.† In Beowulf: The Donaldson Translation, edited by Joseph F. Tuso. New York, W.W.Norton and Co.: 1975.    Stanley, E.G.. â€Å"Beowulf.† In The Beowulf Reader, edited by Peter S. Baker. New York: Garland Publishing, 2000.    Thompson, Stephen P. â€Å"The Beowulf poet and His World.† In Readings on Beowulf, edited by Stephen P. Thompson. San Diego: Greenhaven Press,1998.    Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000   

Broken Child Essay

The documentary â€Å"Broken Child† explored the lives of people, both children to adults, that have been impacted by drug and alcohol abuse, it also showed children who’ve been affected by violence and neglect. Both types of children have one thing in common, a high likelihood to repeat the mistakes of their parents. Whether they’ve grown up living with one or both parents, are adopted, or live in foster care they are at risk. Factors that impact a child’s life are whether their mother abused drugs or alcohol while pregnant, and if they’ve grown up in difficult living situations, but there are some solutions offered by this documentary. You’re pregnant,† are the words some people dread, people like teenagers and drug users. Drug users, whose only concern is becoming high and acquiring money for drugs, will not properly care for a child. In some cases mothers continue to abuse drugs and alcohol throughout their pregnancy because they are too addicted to stop. This causes their babies to have defects, mental and psychological problems. Children can be born with damaged brains, and growing up isn’t easy for them. One such child is Jonathan, he’s an eight year old boy who’s had a hard life. His biological mother was an alcoholic and a drug abuser, when she was in labor she was also drunk. This caused Jonathan to have severe mental and psychological problems, including emotional detachment and violent episodes. He was adopted by Alison and Randy, who are the only people who can control him during an episode. Because of his episodes Jonathan cannot have babysitters, also because he was arrested at the age of seven for holding a knife to a babysitters throat. Jonathan takes many medications to help him control himself and calm down. This does not, however; mean that Jonathan has broken his family’s cycle. There are signs that show him to still be on the path, such as his thoughts about hurting and even killing himself, or his weakness towards weapons and violence and his impulse to such things. Even though he does not speak to his biological mother or know any relative he is still very damaged in the head. Showing that it’s not only the environment that impacts a child’s life but their DNA as well. Drug and alcohol abuse are not the only things that can affect a life, exposure to violence and neglect at a young age can create damaging effects ike PTSD, violence towards other people, and a difficulty to learn. Some forms of neglect are undernourished, dehydrated, unchanged diapers, no running water, dirty clothes and children left home alone. When things become unbearable children are taken from their parents by CPS(Child Protective Services) and placed in foster homes. While a foster home may be a better alternative to living at home, sometimes it’s just a meager half step. Foster parents abuse their foster children and in some cases so do the other children in the foster home. This leads to scared and later angry children who have been set to repeat a negative family cycle. In other situations, there are children, who take care of younger siblings. This occurs when parents are constantly at work or are neglectful. A seven year-old should never have to have the life of another in his or her hands. They are children themselves who should be enjoying their youth. Forcing children into a role of responsibility too big for them at home pushes them to their anger and frustration in other places, such as school. In school they are just another student, just another name on a desk, just another paper to grade. It’s a place to blend in and become the person they must suppress at home. Full of anger and built up hate these children are prone to fighting which earns them a bad name to teachers who don’t know the whole story. These types of kids mix with PTSD effected children who’ve seen someone die or who are accustomed to multiple gunshots each night as they sleep. A mixing of this proportion means that children don’t focus on school because their too busy picking a fight. All these causes, foster care, children parents, and violence exposed children, add up to a single effect; the continuation of a negative family cycle. In spite of these long, and seemingly endless cycles of negativity I believe that there is a solution to this problem. That is a school. A school with teachers trained to handle out of control students, with small classes, and with after school activities to keep kids off the streets. The teachers will have smaller class sizes which will allow them to have a better handle on the kids. Smaller class sizes will also allow teaches to focus on the students more as individuals rather than one of thirty. Teachers will be trained to handle tempers, fights, and outbursts by children. The after school activities will include things such as homework time, crafts time, sports times, and a weekly counseling session for kids who need the help. These programs will ensure that younger children have a place with a good environment after school and that older children stay off the streets and away from drugs, alcohol, and prostitution. They counseling sessions will be to help stabilize the minds of the children and know when to step in take action. This, to me, seems a good solution because kids are in school for a majority of the day and because things like family counseling will not work on closed minded people. It would be funded by the state, and be a free public school. Children seemed destined to fall into a negative family cycle, but with the right kind of help I believe that can be changed. Children can be born normal, children can enjoy life if only the right steps are taken.

Ethical Issues Created by Technology Essay

It is my belief that a crucial part of the ethics of business is computer ethics or information ethics. Most corporations today are teetering on whether computer improprieties are a violation of â€Å"professional ethic† rather than a legal ethics issue. The purpose of this paper will be to examine some of the ethical issues of the Internet as it relates to the theft of private or personal information from the material sent over the Internet. Professional ethics can best be defined as learning what is right or wrong as it relates to the workplace and then doing the right thing. This Code of Professional Ethics lays down the standards of integrity, professionalism and confidentiality which all members of that particular profession shall be bound to respect in their work. Where as legal ethics is best defined as principles of conduct that members of the profession are expected to observe in the constraints of the governing laws. These ethics are usually the outgrowth or the development of both case or Tort court findings and verdicts. To better explain this issue. The Internet is a global Web of linked networks and computers, whose nature is such that it is very difficult if not impossible, to determine its size at a given moment. It is indisputable, however, that the Internet recently has experienced a tremendous growth, with the ranks of new users swelling at ever-increasing rates. This expansion has catapulted it from the realm of academic research towards newfound mainstream acceptance and increased social relevance for the average individual. This increased reliance on the Internet has the potential to erode the personal privacy that an individual once took for granted. New users of the Internet generally do not realize that every post they make to a newsgroup, every piece of email they send, every World Wide Web page they access, and every item they purchase online is monitored or logged by some unseen third party. The impact on personal privacy is enormous. Databases of many different kinds, selling or giving away collections of personal data, already exist, and this practice will only become more common as the demand for this information grows. One of the most interesting examples is that of advertisers and marketers who, by using sophisticated new research, have begun to target the rapidly growing numbers of users online. World Wide Web sites and other interactive online services are being designed to capture the loyalty and spending power of â€Å"the lucrative cyber tot category.† A variety of new interactive advertising and marketing techniques have been developed specifically for this new medium. The right to privacy in Internet activity, especially in creating databases out of personal information, is a serious issue facing society. As such it raises serious ethical issues. An additional example is of the people on the Internet who use anonymous servers as a way to avoid responsibility for controversial and inappropriate behavior. Cases of harassment and abuse have become increasingly frequent, aided by a cloak of anonymity. There are also problems with fraud and scam artists who elude law enforcement authorities through anonymous mailings and postings. These types of examples describe the ethical issues created by technology and the people or corporations that control them. In conclusion I believe that the global nature of the Internet makes addressing the ethical issues associated with Internet or information privacy daunting and complex. It is an arena without walls or physical boundaries, where the ethical values vary from country to country. Even within the United States there is dissent and disagreement about the definitions of â€Å"Internet Privacy,† who owns that information, and what constitutes appropriate or inappropriate use of that information. Perhaps the issues that have been unsuccessfully resolved through the law (or because of a lack of relevant laws) can be resolved through the creation of moral and ethical guidelines that will frame the issues, at which point legal protections can be put in place.

Aquatic Ape Theory essays

Aquatic Ape Theory essays There are many debates about how Homo sapiens came to be. Different people have different theories or ideas about the evolution of man. There is the Christian belief that a spiritual power put humans onto the earth, this view is shared by many religions throughout the world, this is not strictly evolution but is called the creationism theory. The theory of evolution was first brought to scientists attention by Charles Darwin one hundred and forty years ago, where he speculated that man evolved from earlier life form. Since then scientists have been trying to solve the mysteries of mans origins. There is a period of time before approximately five million years ago that has no fossil evidence to prove the step from ape like primates to hominids, the theories of evolution all ponder on this period to try and find the missing link. There are many theories of human evolution, although just two are widely debated by scientists today. The savannah hypothesis is a theory that man evolved fr om the primates that were forced down from the trees in the African rainforests to the dry African savannah and thereby had to adapt to this new way of life. The other is the aquatic ape theory. This theory says that man evolved some of its distinctive features such as bipedalism and relative hairlessness in an aquatic environment and that ancient human ancestors spent more time in this aquatic environment than its present day descendants. This essay will explore the aquatic ape theory in depth and show the arguments for and against this theory. The aquatic ape theory was demonstrated by Sir Alistair Hardy in his original paper Was man more aquatic in the past?. It puts across the idea of a more aquatic primate that lived near water, using it more readily than modern humans do today. This theory followed the proposal by Max Westerhofers that some modern human physiological features indicate an aquatic type adaptation. ...

Seattles Suburbs History. Essays - Century 21 Exposition

Seattles Suburbs History. Essays - Century 21 Exposition Seattle's Suburbs History. Preamble Learning about what has changed has made us realize more than ever how constant change is. The way we see things around us is not the way they always have been and more important, are only an intermediate stage to where ever they will be tomorrow. Talking to people who saw what has changed to get here allows us to see the direction we have come, and finally the direction we are going. Outlined in this paper are six different angles viewing different parts of the past that collectively help us to find that direction. World's Fair Three of the prime events that attracted people to Washington in the 20th Century were the World's Fairs. The first of Washington's World Fairs was the Alaskan-Yukon-Pacific Exposition in 1909, which was located on the 250 acre University of Washington campus. The fantastic buildings, most of which still stand today, were designed by the famous Olmstead Brothers' landscape and architecture firm for the $150 million project. Among the celebrities at the exposition were President Howard Taft and industrialist Henry Ford. The Alaskan-Yukon-Pacific exposition opened on June 1st and closed on October 15th . However, no A-Y-P structure was as prominent as the futuristic Seattle Space Needle of the Century 21 World's Fair in Seattle in the year 1962. This, along with the wondrous monorail and Pacific Science Center were all leftover from the great fair. Lasting for almost six months, the '62 Seattle World's Fair attracted approximately ten million visitors, and, as Jack Crawford put it, "It was one busy place." Among the exhibits were the various ethnic and state booths, the hydroelectric waterfall, and the great fountain made from plumbing parts, which has just recently been remodeled. All during the fair, various acts played in the Seattle Opera House. Inside the future exhibit was the famous Bubble-ator elevator, which now resides down in sunny Redondo, California as greenhouse. A lot of wonderful memories were produced at this illustrious event; Gene Duarte recalls, "I remember hearing East Indian music for the first time and falling down on the floor laughing. I was se! ven, and it was the funniest thing I had ever heard." As civic boosters had had hoped, it brought national attention to Seattle, and in spite of early problems, the 1962 Seattle World's Fair became a financial success. Twelve years later, Spokane held EXPO '74 for which the city tore down old buildings and cleaned up the pollution, the theme being the environment. 'Nam 'Nam. What most people seem to remember about the Vietnam War here in Seattle were the big protests. The protesters opposed military escalation and fought to bring the GI's home. Kathy Duarte-Wilson remarks, "People were very scared of being drafted. We wore POW bracelets in honor of those who went to war. They were almost a fad. Then there were the flower children," she laughs, "I remember wanting to be one when I grew up." Some GI's were pulled out of Vietnam when President Nixon's first troop reduction order was acted upon in July of 1969 at McChord Air Force Base. Two days later there was a combination military parade, welcome home celebration, plus antiwar protest filling the streets of Seattle. The antiwar campaign really heated up in the May of 1970. Days of protesting went on against the bombing of Cambodia and the killings of four student demonstrators by national guardsmen in Kent State University in Ohio and two killed by state police in Jackson State College in Mississippi. Ten thousand protesters blocked Interstate-5 in Seattle in a march from the University of Washington to the federal courthouse down town. Boeing Depression When asked about a time remembered for hardship and kindness, the Boeing depression is often the top of the list. When the Boeing company went through hardship the entire state felt the repercussions. When nearly ? of all the people in the region worked for Boeing, layoffs created vast unemployment causing a severe regional depression. "Last one out of Seattle, please turn out the lights" read the sign off the side of the highway, echoing much of the feelings of the region's population. The utter lack of jobs and opportunity lead to a large migration of people away from

Tenzing Norgay Biography

Tenzing Norgay Biography 11:30 am, May 29, 1953. Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and New Zealands Edmund Hillary step onto the summit of Mount Everest, the worlds tallest mountain. First, they shake hands, as proper members of a British mountaineering team, but then Tenzing grabs Hillary in an exuberant hug at the top of the world. They linger only about 15 minutes. Hillary snaps a photo as Tenzing unfurls the flags of Nepal, the United Kingdom, India and the United Nations. Tenzing is unfamiliar with the camera, so there is no photo of Hillary at the summit. The two climbers then begin their descent back to high camp #9. They have conquered Chomolungma, the Mother of the World, 29,029 feet (8,848 meters) above sea level. Tenzings Early Life Tenzing Norgay was born the eleventh of thirteen children in May of 1914. His parents named him Namgyal Wangdi, but a Buddhist lama later suggested he change it to Tenzing Norgay (wealthy and fortunate follower of the teachings). The exact date and circumstances of his birth are disputed. Although in his autobiography, Tenzing claims to have been born in Nepal to a Sherpa family, it seems more likely that he was born in the Kharta Valley of Tibet. When the familys yaks died in an epidemic, his desperate parents sent Tenzing to live with a Nepalese Sherpa family as an indentured servant. Introduction to Mountaineering At 19, Tenzing Norgay moved to Darjeeling, India, where there was a sizable Sherpa community. There, the British Everest expedition leader Eric Shipton noticed him and hired him as a high-altitude porter for a 1935 reconnaissance of the northern (Tibetan) face of the mountain. Tenzing would act as a porter for two additional British attempts on the northern side in the 1930s, but this route would be closed off to westerners by the 13th Dalai Lama in 1945. Along with Canadian mountaineer Earl Denman and Ange Dawa Sherpa, Tenzing snuck over the Tibetan border in 1947 to make another attempt on Everest. They were turned back at about 22,000 feet (6,700 meters) by a pounding snow-storm. Geopolitical Turmoil The year 1947 was a tumultuous one in South Asia. India achieved its independence, ending the British Raj, and then split into India and Pakistan. Nepal, Burma, and Bhutan also had to reorganize themselves after the British exit. Tenzing had been living in what became Pakistan with his first wife, Dawa Phuti, but she passed away at a young age there. During the 1947 Partition of India, Tenzing took his two daughters and moved back to Darjeeling, India. In 1950, China invaded Tibet and asserted control over it, strengthening the ban on foreigners. Luckily, the Kingdom of Nepal was beginning to open its borders to foreign adventurers. The following year, a small exploratory party made up mostly of Britons scouted the southern, Nepalese approach to Everest. Among the party were a small group of Sherpas, including Tenzing Norgay, and an up-and-coming climber from New Zealand, Edmund Hillary. In 1952, Tenzing joined a Swiss expedition led by the famous climber Raymond Lambert as it made an attempt on the Lhotse Face of Everest. Tenzing and Lambert got as high as 28,215 feet (8,599 meters), less than 1,000 feet from the summit before they were turned back by bad weather. The 1953 Hunt Expedition The following year, another British expedition led by John Hunt set out for Everest. It was the eighth major expedition since 1852, including more than 350 porters, 20 Sherpa guides, and 13 western mountaineers, including once again Edmund Hillary. Tenzing Norgay was hired on as a mountaineer, rather than as a Sherpa guide - an indication of the respect his skills engendered in the European climbing world. It was Tenzings seventh Everest expedition. Tenzing and Edmund Hillary Although Tenzing and Hillary would not become close personal friends until long after their historic feat, they quickly learned to respect one another as mountaineers. Tenzing even saved Hillarys life in the early stages of the 1953 expedition. The two were roped together, making their way across the ice-field at the base of Everest, the New Zealander leading, when Hillary jumped a crevasse. The icy cornice he landed on broke off, sending the lanky mountaineer tumbling down into the crevasse. At the last possible moment, Tenzing was able to tighten the rope and prevent his climbing partner from smashing onto the rocks at the bottom of the crevasse. Push for the Summit The Hunt expedition made its base camp in March of 1953, then slowly established eight higher camps, acclimatizing themselves to the altitude along the way. By late May, they were within striking distance of the summit. The first two-man team to make the push was Tom Bourdillon and Charles Evans, on May 26, but they had to turn back just 300 feet short of the summit when one of their oxygen masks failed. Two days later, Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary set out at 6:30 am for their attempt. Tenzing and Hillary strapped on their oxygen masks on that crystal-clear morning and started kicking steps into the icy snow. By 9 am they had reached the South Summit, below the true summit. After climbing the bare, 40-foot vertical rock now called the Hillary Step, the two traversed a ridge and rounded the last switchback corner to find themselves on top of the world. Tenzings Later Life The newly-crowned Queen Elizabeth II knighted Edmund Hillary and John Hunt, but Tenzing Norgay received only the British Empire Medal rather than a knighthood. In 1957, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru threw his support behind Tenzings efforts to train South Asian boys and girls in mountaineering skills and provide scholarships for their studies. Tenzing himself was able to live comfortably after his Everest triumph, and he sought to extend the same path out of poverty to other people. After the death of his first wife, Tenzing married two other women. His second wife was Ang Lahmu, who had no children of her own but looked after Dawa Phutis surviving daughters, and his third wife was Dakku, with whom Tenzing had three sons and a daughter. At the age of 61, Tenzing was selected by King Jigme Singye Wangchuck to guide the first foreign tourists allowed into the Kingdom of Bhutan. Three years later, he established Tenzing Norgay Adventures, a trekking company now managed by his son Jamling Tenzing Norgay. On May 9, 1986, Tenzing Norgay passed away at the age of 71. Different sources list his cause of death as either a cerebral hemorrhage or a bronchial condition. Thus, a life-story that begins with a mystery also ends with one. Tenzing Norgays Legacy It has been a long road...From a mountain coolie, a bearer of loads, to a wearer of a coat with rows of medals who is carried about in planes and worries about income tax. ~ Tenzing Norgay Of course, Tenzing could have said, From a child sold into servitude, but he never liked to talk about the circumstances of his childhood. Born into grinding poverty, Tenzing Norgay quite literally reached the summit of international fame. He became a symbol of achievement for the new nation of India, his adoptive home, and helped numerous other South Asian people (Sherpas and others alike) gain a comfortable lifestyle through mountaineering. Probably most importantly to him, this man who never learned to read (though he could speak six languages) was able to send his four youngest children to good universities in the United States. They live very well today but always give back to projects involving the Sherpas and Mount Everest. Sources Norgay, Jamling Tenzing. Touching my Fathers Soul: A Sherpas Journey to the Top of Everest, New York: Harper Collins, 2001. Norgay, Tenzing. Tiger of the Snows: The Autobiography of Tenzing of Everest, New York: Putnam, 1955. Rizzo, Johnna. QA: Biographer on Everest Pioneer Tenzing Norgay, National Geographic News, May 8, 2003. Salkeld, Audrey. South Side Story, PBS Nova Online Adventure, updated Nov. 2000.

Legal Ethical Nursing Situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Legal Ethical Nursing Situation - Essay Example (Scott, 2000) Practice sisters in GP group practices who often do the actual disease notification are not the ones to receive the statutory payment. Senior HIV/AIDS discharge co-coordinators (nurses) and research nurses have been employed with part of their job defined in terms which are normally part of the doctor's role. Needless to say, they are paid less than doctors. There is generally a lack of recognition and concern for the dilemmas nurses are faced with in this field. Although the ethical codes of both the medical and nursing professions are not at odds on these matters, the actual practice is. In fact, the nursing code in particular is quite advanced and very clear, but the conflicts and power struggles which still exist between medicine and nursing make it very difficult for nurses-advocates of the patients-to live by the letter and spirit of their code. Not only does the individual nurse suffer in this situation, but any decent nurse is forced into defending the rights of the patient in opposition to the quality of the data collected. This is not an argument against nurses entering the field of epidemiology, but rather an argument for bringing the rights of the individual patient and the public aims of epidemiology and health policy together. Nurses are often in the best position to identify these problems and should be listened to. (De Selincourt, 2000) Literature Review/ Case Study A young woman, Amanda, is pregnant. She attends the antenatal clinic, where a midwife takes her health history and runs a series of tests, such as blood, urine and blood pressure. She is counseled by the midwife on, among other things, the implications of human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) and of being tested for it. Although the midwife has no reason to believe that Amanda has been exposed to HIV, she offers her an HIV test. Amanda declines, as there seems to be no need for one. She is also aware of the difficulties in obtaining a mortgage if she has this test. The blood sample taken by the midwife is sent to a laboratory for analysis for hemoglobin content, rubella antibodies, and syphilis. At the same time a small amount of blood from this sample is placed in an unnamed test tube which is then sent to a central laboratory to be tested for HIV. The midwife is completely unaware that this has occurred so cannot inform Amanda. The next time that Amanda visits the antenatal clinic the other blood results are returned to her and, as they are normal, she continues with her pregnancy uneventfully. Unknown to her the anonymous blood sample has been tested and found to be HIV antibody positive and this is recorded at the national surveillance centre, where data on HIV and acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other infectious diseases are collected. The information accompanying this sample includes Amanda's age range (i.e. between 35 and 40 years), her gender and the geographical origin of the sample. In this case the epidemiologist will not have information about the means by which HIV was contracted. The data will provide information about the trends of HIV among pregnant women who attend antenatal clinics over a five-year period. Amanda's pregnancy

Is it correct to claim that the study of politics constitutes a Essay

Is it correct to claim that the study of politics constitutes a science Discuss with reference to case study research - Essay Example d the various studies concerning man and his multifarious activities like philosophy, economics, natural sciences, history, psychology and of course politics. The Renaissance saw the enquiring minds of Europe and no doubt earlier, where advanced cultures existed (pre-renaissance), delving into studies in various disciplines that were analysed and documented, until the latter half of the nineteenth century and the dawn of the twentieth century saw the thrust towards making studies of most disciplines empirical, meaning that information had to be gained by experience, observation or experiment2. Studies conducted had to follow certain set criteria and measurements to be valid. In the modern state, for proper planning, such was the demand. Many North American political scientists, notably Jon R Bond, believe that a ‘hard science of political behaviour’ is possible and someone would come along and do for political science what Newton has done for physics3. In an essay on this subject by James W. Skillen, he quotes Bond as saying that, ‘the beginning of scientific enquiry is the fact/value dichotomy’ and that ‘the core goal of scientific methods is hypothesis testing and theory building that would yield quantifiable results’4. Indeed, one cannot dispute the fact that without such empirical studies, in terms of politics, economics, sociology and natural sciences amongst others, that planning commissions of various authorities worldwide would have been successful in the implementation of their programmes. Much of the developed and developin g world relies on these studies to implement development programmes with a view to pre-empting failure. Statistics, objective data, all factual and tangible rule the day. However, the question of how accurate we are, when the human element is involved is a question for debate. Here is a discipline that is dependent on so many vagaries of man. Kenneth Minogue, in his book Politics, aptly encapsulates this when he

Factors impacting todays health care Personal Statement

Factors impacting todays health care - Personal Statement Example It is directly proportional to the CMS regulations of the Federal and state government. This affects the healthcare system because these individuals also tend not to get the preventive care needed to stay healthy. When they come into a medical facility and are sick , sometimes that acuity is increased because of the lack of preventative care. Staff reduction and nursing shortage simply add fuel to the fire as they are the backbone of the healthcare. Amidst this turbulent healthcare system there is some significance that has mushroomed. The Ehealth, expensive prescription drugs, dearth of Nurses have all accounted to a rickety health care environment. But the million dollar question is "Are people ignorant about healthcare insurance"' The answer is some people sacrifice their heatlh for materialistic fancy goods ignoring the fact "Health is wealth". The hospitals are also struggling to balance the disparity between the young and old nurses. But the system needs reformation as people c astigate the government for not managing the economy and government retaliates by increasing the taxes. This is probably not a solution for having better healthcare environment.

Medical Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Medical Sociology - Essay Example Robert Koch, a German physician, continued work related to the bacteriological revolution and discovered, along with others, the reasons for specific diseases by linking them with specific bacteria as identified by their different types. As a result, medical science reached new heights as hospitals became safe havens for treatment for a multitude of diseases. The mortality rates of Europe declined primarily because of the bacteriological revolution-led improvement in medical treatment. The bacteriological revolution took place over many years and in phases. The first one began, roughly, around 1835 and lasted till 1875 in Berlin by Theodor Schwann, who experimented in the laboratory to observe the phenomenon that alcoholic fermentation took place in unheated air i.e. in the presence of microscopic organisms. Louis Pasteur took forward Theodor Schwann’s work, and conducted the fermentation of wine, bread, cheese, etc, twenty years later. Unlike others, Pasteur experimented in an artificial environment which was controllable, and so, each micro organism could be studied in isolation. After immense research, training students and publishing numerous papers and books on the subject, Pasteur established his own school of research. Pasteur’s methods were considered very difficult and thus, were not adopted by many people (Mendelsohn, 2010). Louis Pasteur was teaching at a university when he was persuaded by a wine company to find out why some wine becomes sour in the process of being made. He discovered, during his research, that germs in the air which could be seen under the microscope are behind this phenomenon. Consequently, the process of pasteurization came into being whereby, germs are killed by boiling the liquid and then cooling it—in this case, the liquid was wine. From this process, Pasteur went further to prove that germs are present in the air and so, could be stopped from getting into the liquid. This formed

Nature Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nature Writing - Essay Example The following paper will examine the descriptions of nature in Aldo Leopold’s work as they are deeply moving and spiritually satisfying, but how it is his humility about the inability of language to capture the true depth of the beauty of nature that provides the best reasons for conserving the natural world. The book begins by saying â€Å"There are some who can live without wild things and some who cannot. These essays are the delights and dilemmas of one who cannot† (Leopold 21). Written by Leopold on March 4, 1948, this statement puts in two sentences the nature of his existence within this world and how he was challenged by it. His essays develop a strong argument for conservationism, providing the roots through which the conservation movement was able to take hold. A seminal work on providing context for the concepts that supported the need for conserving the natural world, the descriptions and challenges presented are engaging no matter what level of kinship one feels for nature. There is a passage in his March section which describes the activities of woodcocks in April and May of each year. Leopold missed the ‘dance’ that he describes for the first two years that they lived in the area. After those first two years, however, he describes a ritual of the evening that would begin exactly one minute later each night for those two months. He writes â€Å"It is unfortunate, perhaps, that no matter how intently one studies the hundred little dramas of the woods and meadows, one can never learn all the salient facts about any one of them† (Leopold 41). The use of the concept of data as a way to engage the reader provides human context for the understanding of nature that he creates. When Leopold discusses the woodcocks, he frames their rituals in terms of human understandings. He puts them on a clock that shifts by one minute later every day. He places them in the calendar for performing this ritual through April and May of ea ch year. He creates data that is placed into context in terms that human beings understand. However, the woodcocks likely have no understanding of months or minutes. They follow the cues that nature has provided. It is through modeling that Leopold is able to provide the reader a way in which to relate the natural world to the human world. In his August essay, â€Å"The Green Pasture†, Leopold compares the artist to the work of the river as it carves out color and texture onto the sandbar (233). Unlike the human artist whose work lasts for generations to observe, the river paints its work so that only a moment of it exists and in that moment the human memory is all that will preserve it. He uses the model of the painter as the structure in which he interprets the work of the river. As he uses the metaphor of the painter in order to describe what he has observed about the changing imagery. Even in the beauty of the essay as it defines the way in which the river impacts on its environment, he has only created an illusion about its nature. In his essay â€Å"Marshland Elegy†, Leopold seemed to experience the way in which the ancient nature of the land was connected to the present in a way that was not linear. The past as it is reflected in the lives of the cranes means that the human interpretation of time may not be as accurate as that of nature. The cyclical nature of life and death as it continues to nourish and feed an

Psychology (peoples behaviour) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Psychology (peoples behaviour) - Essay Example 1 This is one approach of personality theory. Personality is normally referred to as the thoughts, emotions and behaviour pattern that every person has. Personality trait can have immense variations between individuals. Many research hypotheses concur that personality has aspects that are prominent. They are very stable across situations that are referred to as shamone traits. Eysenck 1967 says that personality can be reduced to three traits that are quite major. Other scholars however, say that personality can be reduced to five traits. According to the 3F model, there are traits like psychoticism, neuroticism and extraversion. Other scholars say that personality can be reduced to the following five traits, that is, neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness and openness. All these are based on factor analysis which is a statistical technique. In fact these traits are the highest level factors in the hierarchical taxonomy of this technique. This method is well known to produce bipolar and continuous factors. All these actually describe one's individual differences. The trait theory is based on various assumptions. One of them is that people are normally born with traits that are inherited. The trait theory asserts that these traits are quite different fro one person to another though some people may have similar traits that they inherited from parents or even grandparents etc. Some of these traits that are inherited can be suited for carrying out leadership responsibilities. In this case a person finds that he or she can easily handle leadership tasks without having any prior knowledge in the field. According to the trait theory, people who naturally make good leaders just have sufficient or the right combination of these traits. Inherent traits can be diverse such that one person may have many different traits. There are people who may have minimal traits that are inherited while others may have so many. Early researches that were done concerning the trait theory used successful leaders as the audience. So the attention was majorly based on discovering the inherent traits that made them to be successful. There was the assumption that if other people were found with the same traits then it meant that they had the potential of becoming great leaders too. One of the scholars called Stogdill (1974) noted that the following skills and traits were very critical to leaders; Traits Skills Adaptable to situations Alert to social environment Ambitious and achievement-orientated Assertive Cooperative Decisive Dependable Dominant (desire to influence others) Energetic (high activity level) Clever (intelligent) Conceptually skilled Creative Diplomatic and tactful Fluent in speaking Knowledgeable about group task Organized (administrative ability) Persuasive Source; Stogdill, R. (1974): Handbook of leadership; a survey of the literature; New York; Free Press Eysenck (1997) asserts that majority of extroverts have got low levels of cortical arousal as compared to introverts who have higher levels. According to the 3F model, individual differences in neuroticism and extraversion have physiological and genetic antecedents.2 Psychodynamics theory This is actually

Nature Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nature Writing - Essay Example The following paper will examine the descriptions of nature in Aldo Leopold’s work as they are deeply moving and spiritually satisfying, but how it is his humility about the inability of language to capture the true depth of the beauty of nature that provides the best reasons for conserving the natural world. The book begins by saying â€Å"There are some who can live without wild things and some who cannot. These essays are the delights and dilemmas of one who cannot† (Leopold 21). Written by Leopold on March 4, 1948, this statement puts in two sentences the nature of his existence within this world and how he was challenged by it. His essays develop a strong argument for conservationism, providing the roots through which the conservation movement was able to take hold. A seminal work on providing context for the concepts that supported the need for conserving the natural world, the descriptions and challenges presented are engaging no matter what level of kinship one feels for nature. There is a passage in his March section which describes the activities of woodcocks in April and May of each year. Leopold missed the ‘dance’ that he describes for the first two years that they lived in the area. After those first two years, however, he describes a ritual of the evening that would begin exactly one minute later each night for those two months. He writes â€Å"It is unfortunate, perhaps, that no matter how intently one studies the hundred little dramas of the woods and meadows, one can never learn all the salient facts about any one of them† (Leopold 41). The use of the concept of data as a way to engage the reader provides human context for the understanding of nature that he creates. When Leopold discusses the woodcocks, he frames their rituals in terms of human understandings. He puts them on a clock that shifts by one minute later every day. He places them in the calendar for performing this ritual through April and May of ea ch year. He creates data that is placed into context in terms that human beings understand. However, the woodcocks likely have no understanding of months or minutes. They follow the cues that nature has provided. It is through modeling that Leopold is able to provide the reader a way in which to relate the natural world to the human world. In his August essay, â€Å"The Green Pasture†, Leopold compares the artist to the work of the river as it carves out color and texture onto the sandbar (233). Unlike the human artist whose work lasts for generations to observe, the river paints its work so that only a moment of it exists and in that moment the human memory is all that will preserve it. He uses the model of the painter as the structure in which he interprets the work of the river. As he uses the metaphor of the painter in order to describe what he has observed about the changing imagery. Even in the beauty of the essay as it defines the way in which the river impacts on its environment, he has only created an illusion about its nature. In his essay â€Å"Marshland Elegy†, Leopold seemed to experience the way in which the ancient nature of the land was connected to the present in a way that was not linear. The past as it is reflected in the lives of the cranes means that the human interpretation of time may not be as accurate as that of nature. The cyclical nature of life and death as it continues to nourish and feed an

Hotel Chocolat's Stategic Choices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Hotel Chocolat's Stategic Choices - Essay Example Since its existence, Hotel Chocolat has been operating as a privately run company with active involvement of the co-founders. Moreover, it is an example for those chocolate shops that are willing to enter the retail sector of the confectionary industry; Hotel Chocolat grew from an online store to a luxury retail store in the year 2004. The uniqueness of the brand’s offerings lies in its level of authenticity and originality that is evident in every bite of its manufactured chocolate (Hotel Chocolat, 2013a). Presently, Hotel Chocolat has about seventy stores in UK, five in the US and Middle East. Hotel Chocolat portfolio comprises of various attractive products and businesses that shed light on its aggressive expansion strategy. A cacao based cuisine street food cafe is present at Borough Market in London that offers the customers a wide range of delicious items such as sweet and savoury wraps of cacao, genuine cocoa tea along with huge choices of small chocolate batches. In Sa int Lucia, there is the Boucan Restaurant which is presenting the customers with a complete experience of dining. The ambience is quite appealing for the visitors which are complemented with a healthy and light menu from cacao cuisine (Hurley, 2010; MarketingWeek, 2011). Hotel Chocolat is the pioneer brand in offering the ‘Chocolate Bonds’ for the expansion of the UK economy. These bonds were offered to its members of Chocolate Tasting Club who helped in raising fund of four million pounds. One of the best creations by the organisation is ‘London – Roast + Conch’; it is a venue that has been developed for roasting the bean in small batches and provide the customers an opportunity to view the process of chocolate making in front of their eyes (Cuddeford-Jones, 2012). In order to successfully fulfil the desires of the chocolate lovers, Hotel Chocolat has been offering the most diverse range of products and each one of them has a wide variety for select ion so that everyone can buy the chocolate and enjoy it to the utmost satisfaction level. Broadly, the products are categorised in six divisions such as Sleekster Selection, The Purist, Giant slabs, Selectors, Liquid Chocolat, Cocoa Juvenate Beauty, Luxury Box Chocolates and Small Little Things (Hotel Chocolat, 2013b). According to Taylor (2013), Hotel Chocolat reported a complete year profit-before-tax (PBT) of 84% which is about 5.4 million pounds. At the end of June 2012, the group sales accounted for 63.8 million pounds and EBITDA rose to 7.8 million pounds which was a rise by 41% when compared on year-on-year basis. UK Chocolate Industry Analysis In order to evaluate the strategic options that are available for a company in its industry, it is imperative for the concerned personnel to carry out its external and internal analysis (Day & Moorman, 2010). The external analysis reveals the macro-environmental factors that can impact the business performance in the long-run. Although an analysis of the competitors is mandatory but political, economic, social and legal situations can drastically impact the business operations (Brodie, 2009). Hotel Chocolat strategic analysis can be completed only when the macro-environmental factors are analysed extensively to properly identify the likely obstacles that can be encountered by it. According to KeyNote

Ethical Issue in Public Health Essay Example for Free

Ethical Issue in Public Health Essay 1. Ethical Leadership in the Hospital Business Due to the critical relevance of the healthcare service for the society, it is important for the organizations and institutions involved in this field to develop their operational system, administrative approaches, and patient care strategies to address effectively and efficiently the healthcare service needs of the community. Important in these institutions is the organizational aspect of their operation wherein the role of leadership becomes a critical material as this manifest as the key element in the ethical nature of their group. Indeed, leadership is important in the hospital institution as this serve as the focal point of the ethical nature and ideal identity of their organization. The leadership characteristics each hospital institution respectively defines their service and their ethical nature. Significantly, the leadership character needed in healthcare institutions is mainly based on their classification organized based on their facilities, potential, and ability to extend particular healthcare service. In relation to their classification, it is important for the organization to develop leadership principles and ethical values towards their purpose of providing healthcare service. In this aspect, the leadership characteristics of each hospital must be towards achieving success in the ethical purpose of their organization, maximizing their potential for effective service, and extending their services in their community. These elements must be fully integrated and must be effectively manifested by the leaders of the hospital organization for them to be able to influence and direct their institution towards the achievement of these missions. Developing the approach in the leadership system of a healthcare organization is often considered as a critical matter particularly the approach that will be taken by the leaders in influencing the entire organization. In motivating the personnel of the hospital towards their ethical agenda, it is important for the leaders to affect the views and ideology of its people through personally manifesting the values they wish to promote. An approach particular to this is â€Å"servant leadership† in which the leaders manifest the values of humility and humbleness in their actions thus, enabling them to lead their group through examples. In general, this approach is mainly means being the values that they wish to promote whereas through perception, the organization will be motivated to follow their leader’s example. Indeed, through applying this leadership strategy in uplifting the ethical values of the hospital organization, the institutions can become effective healthcare service medium addressing the need of the people for better health and better life. The ethical system by which hospital leadership is based actually outlines the needed level of relationship that doctors and other health staff should have with the patients that they are attending to. The level of involvement that they are allowed to have with their patients is usually broken down through the different ethical principles that the said industry applies in the system. 2. Contemporary Neuroscience and the Notion of Freedom The aspect of neuroscience primarily relates to the determination and the analysis of behavioral development of the human being based on the physiological and biological nature of the brain in the human body. In this field, scientists try to explain and understand how human behavior and its characteristics are developed from the complex development of the brain structure from its basic origin of single-celled to the complex formation of the human body. During the past, this field has been limited by numerous hindrances namely the boundaries in the current technological capacity. However, in the present, recent technological advancement with the numerous studies and efforts in this field brought about new discoveries and advances in the scientific field of neuroscience. Among the recent advances in this field formulation of the procedural approach in researching brain characteristics and activities in its fundamental structure wherein scientists are not able to explore the relationship and possibilities in genetic influence with the behavioral development. With the experimentation procedures in animals and the technological advances that allow molecular reconfiguration, neuroscientists are now able to explore the influence of genetic altercation with neurological and behavioral characteristics. In application, this recent advancement paved the way for greater possibilities wherein scientist hope on curing neurological problems and detrimental behavioral problems and retardation during the initial development of the brain. With more research, scientist can learn how to determine and stop possible brain and psychological problems during the fetal development of the human body thus negating its unfortunate consequences in the future. With this possibility, the choice of living a healthy physiological and psychological life can be made possible and available for the every human being, which will be significantly assured even during his or her fetal development. In addition, positive traits and characteristics can be enhanced in each generation influencing the development of the society for the better towards the future. Ethical matters in this part of the medical aspect of development involves the consideration that practitioners place on the capabilities of the patient to decide for their own medications or the process of healing that they are likely to accept in such serious cases of neuro-medication.

The Diet Dr Pepper Campaign Paper Marketing Essay

The Diet Dr Pepper Campaign Paper Marketing Essay The taste of Dr Pepper is the well-known to be oldest soft drink over the world. The taste is unmatched and it is 23 delicious flavours have withstood the test of time. The competition in trying to take a firm hold a firm hold of potential customers is a never-ending, ascending battle in any industry. This is a fight that takes place in the product market. In the U.S. soft drink market is a highly competitive. In order to command market share a brand should be able to differentiate itself from its rivals. In this point, Dr Pepper has always been finding position itself in the world unique soft drink market since it is comprised of 23 flavours. The current slogan is One Taste and You Get It (Dr Pepper Snapple Group, 2008). Currently Dr Pepper holds the third place in market share for the U.S. They fall behind major players Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola which account for 74 % of the market. With consumers embracing the current health trends, diet Dr. Pepper was named one of the top 10 soft drink in 2002 due to health conscious attitudes. This market is predicted to continue its growth worldwide. Diet Dr. Pepper is a yummy drink, and indeed it does, as its ads assure us, taste more like regular Dr. Pepper [assuming we understand: than Diet Coke tastes like Coke or Diet Pepsi like Pepsi, though 7-UP and Sprite might give it a run for its money on that account. Not to mention that the slogan as it stands is nonsensical. Tastes more like regular Dr. Pepper. Of course it does! It is Diet Dr. Pepper, and thus is bound to taste more like regular Dr. Pepper than, say, Pepsi, coffee or mustard! ike a vegetarian who still wants a burger and so eats BOCA, the diet soda drinker longs for the days when 140 calories meant nothing and so diet drinks function as a kind of bubbly nostalgia for youth, even when the consumer has long since convinced him- or herself that he or she prefers diet sodas According to marketline research, the global diet food and drink market is forecasted to reach $113 billion by 2010. As well as Diet Dr. Peppers growth among users, Dr Pepper is one of the few non-diet soda brand to gain market share Diet Dr Pepper Diet Dr. Pepper is liked for its unique, non- cola taste, its ability to maintain its carbonation, and its zero calorie content. More than anything, Diet Dr. Pepper is the absence of cola flavour that seems to turn reviewers on, since there are already so many diet colas on the market. Diet Dr. Pepper is sometimes the only diet soft drink some can tolerate, like Finally Found a Diet Soda That Tastes Good and anther reviewer who also likes the unique qualities and uses for Diet Dr. Pepper and says When Im Feeling Under the Weather, I Reach for a Dr. Pepper. (www.viewpoints.com) Campaign Objectives and Marketing Situation When considering a marketing objective it begins with the companys financial objectives. Profitability, return on investment, and cash flow are the most common elements. The financial objectives are converted into marketing objectives. After marketing objectives are determined, then the company creates new marketing strategies, strategic marketing plan. Marketing strategy is the process of evaluating the options for achieving the marketing goals. Consumer in a market are seldom uniform and often have different needs and wants (Rodengen, 1995). Diet Dr. Peppers advertising campaign is based on an assumed nostalgia for days when drinking regular soft drinks did not reflect some form of moral failure to avoid excess calorie intake. Not only that. The form of this nostalgia is telling: a sleazy lawyer-type makes faulty arguments based on the assumption that Diet Dr. Pepper tastes so much like regular Dr. Pepper that any legal claim brought to bear with regard to Diet Dr. Pepper must be w rong because it has mistaken it for a diet beverage when it clearly tastes like a non-diet beverage. Therefore consumers need to be segmented. That called market segmentation strategy. From this segments marketer identifies, evaluates and select target market based on similarities of needs. Diet Dr Pepper competes in a dynamic and constantly changing category that makes it difficult to increase market share and sustain long-term brand growth. Main factors that challenge the brands growth include the following: Sluggish category growth. The diet, carbonated-soft drink category was growing at an average annual rate of only 1.4 percent. Growth of new-age beverages. The new-age segment-consisting of sparkling juices, natural sodas, flavoured sodas, and other items-was growing at a rapid rate (10 percent annual growth), posing a strong challenge to diet Dr Pepper and other diet soft drinks. Price sensitivity of soft-drink category. Price is a main brand-choice determinant in this category, but Diet Dr Pepper is at a competitive disadvantage inasmuch as it is priced higher on a cents-per-ounce basis than Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola brands. Lack of bottler attention and focus. Approximately three-fourth of Diet Dr Peppers volume is distributed via the Coke and Pepsi bottler distribution network, which in many instances causes Diet Dr Pepper to be a low-priority item with insufficient retailer support. Inadequate distribution. Relative to its larger competitors, Diet Dr Peppers distribution is insufficient in trial-inducing outlets such as food service/fountain and vending machines. Greater spending by main competitors. Diet Dr Peppers share of voice at the onset of the advertising campaign was only 4.8 percent in this highly competitive and advertising sensitive category. Campaign Target and Objectives The target audience for Diet Dr Pepper consists primarily of adults aged 18-49 who are present or prospective diet soft-drink consumers. In view of the above marketing challenges, the objectives for the Diet Dr Pepper advertising campaign (titled The Taste Youve Been Looking For) are as follows: To increase Diet Dr Pepper sales by 4 percent and improve its growth rate to at least 1.5 times that of the diet-soft drink category. To heighten consumers evaluations of the key product benefits and image factors that influence brand choice in this category: it is refreshing, tastes as good as regular Dr Pepper, is a good product to drink at any time, and is a fun brand to drink. To enhance those key brand-personality dimensions that differentiate Diet Dr Pepper from other diet drinks-particularly that Diet Dr Pepper is a unique, fun, entertaining, clever, and interesting brand to drink. The Proposition The proposition strategy for Diet Dr Pepper is The Taste Youve Been Looking For. The Competition The success of Dr Pepper in the soft drink industry illustrates the coupling of realistic knowledge of corporate strengths with sound industry analysis to yield a superior bussiens strategy.The major competitors of Diet Dr Pepper are; Coca-Cola products (Diet Coke), Pepsi-Cola Products (Diet Pepsi) dominates Dr Peppers industry. According to Porter (1998), Dr Pepper choose a strategy of avoiding the largest-selling drink segment, maintaining a narrow flavour line, forgoing development of a captive bottler network, and marketing heavily. The company positioned itself so as to be least vulnerable to its competitive forces while it exploited its small size. The U.S. beverage market is a highly competitive and crowded field. In order to command market share a brand must be differentiate itself from is competitors. To make this differentiations, Dr.Pepper positioned itself as the the wolds uniqe soft drink since it is comprised of 23 flavours. Dr Pepper currently controls 15% of sales volume in the beverage market and has a market value of $6.5 billion. Creative Strategy and Supportive Promotions The creative strategy for Diet Dr Pepper positioned the brand as tasting more like regular Dr Pepper. This is a key claim based on research revealing that nearly 60 percent of initial trial users of Diet Dr Pepper are motivated by the desire to have a diet soft drink that tasted like regular Dr Pepper. The cornerstone of the campaign entailed the heavy use of 15 second commercials, which historically had not been used by Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola, which instead preferred the entertainment value of longer commercials. The aggressive use of 15 seconds commercials enabled Diet Dr Pepper to simply convey its key taste claim (tasting more like regular Dr Pepper and differentiate the brand from competitive diet drinks. Moreover, by employing cheaper 15 seconds commercials, it was possible to buy many more commercial spots and hence to achieve greater reach, frequency, and GPRs for the same advertising budget. Diet Dr Peppers advertising expenditures totalled  £10 million. In addition to advertising campaign, the brand marketers for Diet Dr Pepper implemented several sales promotion programs to achieve their lofty goals. From January through April, a trade promotion called The Pepper Advantage provided bottlers with  £20 gift certificates that they could distribute to retailers to encourage greater display space for Diet Dr Pepper. In additional, attractive coupons were placed on 2- and 3- litre bottles of Diet Dr Pepper to encourage repeat purchasing by consumers. From April to September, during baseball season, the Pepper Pastime promotion was run to enhance sales of Diet Dr Pepper to consumers in convenience stores. Promotions included free bottles of Diet Dr Pepper and Premium objects, including autographed baseballs and baseball jerseys emblazoned with the Diet Dr Pepper brand name. During May through August, a promotional tie-in with the Foot Locker chain of athletic stores was undertaken. Purchasers of 12- and 24- packs of Diet Dr Pepper received Foot Locker gift certificates if their pack contained a winning game card inside. Collectively, these sales promotion programs were designed to complement the advertising campaign and substantially boots immediate sales of Diet Dr Pepper products. We can see that selection of advertising media is one of the most important and complicated of all marketing communications decisions. Media planning must be coordinated with marketing strategy and with other aspects of advertising strategy. The strategic aspects of media planning involves include four steps: (1) selecting the target audience toward which all subsequent efforts will be directed; (2) specifying media objectives, which typically are stated in terms of reach, frequency, gross rating points (GRPs), or effective rating points (ERPs); (3) selecting general media categories and specific product within each medium; (4) buying a media. Media selection are influenced by a variety of factors such as most important are target audience, cost, and creative consideration. Media planners should select media vehicles by identifying those that will reach the designated target audience, satisfy budgetary constraints, and be compatible with and enhance the advertisers creative message. Basically, companies must market their products with creative, informative, and interesting messages that show how the products meet the needs and wants of consumers. A key factor in marketing a product is communication.

Fireworks :: essays research papers

Every year, America celebrates many holidays with fireworks. One of the most popular selections is a Roman Candle. If you want to try to make this at home, common pyrotechnics stores have all the supplies you would need. Just think of the â€Å"oohhs† and â€Å"ahhhhs† when you light off your homemade fireworks at home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, you need a sturdy, good tube. The tube should be cylindrical and should be at least 3/32 of an inch thick. The opening at the top of your tube should have a 5/8 inch opening. Then take a 1/16 inch fuse, make sure it covers the whole tube and sticks out a little bit, just like any other firework and keep the tube in place by using tape. Next, 1.25 grams of 3F BP should be poured into the tube. Then, gently put a one-half inch star down the tube. This is what will go up into the air and is responsible for the shots. Then, put some sawdust through the tube. Make sure the sawdust is evenly spread and turn the tube over. All contents should not fall out if this is done correctly. Make sure you use some sort of mechanism to push down upon the sawdust. Keep repeating these instructions. The tube should consist of bp, star, sawdust, bp, star, and sawdust for as many shots as you want. Good Luck with your newly made Roman Candle and have a safe experience. Next, we will examine how to make a salute go up in the air. Salutes are generally products that make a Kaboom sound when launched.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The lifting cup is made when you glue kraft paper that overhangs the salute. Next, you add some lift usually gunpowder to propel it. The inner paper should be glued with a small device or a glue gun. Meanwhile, while the glue is wet fold the paper into quarters. Place a cut in the newly formed pouch and add a piece of quick match. Now, we will learn how to make salute inserts. First off, buy some top- notch 3 inch tubes. Take all of your tubes and set them on a piece of tin foil. Secondly, you need to fill a tube to the top with hot glue and as the glue is about to dry put it into the freezer for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes is up pull the tin foil off of the tubes and put toilet paper down the open end of the tube.

Educational stages Essay

Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, research, or simply through autodidacticism. [1] Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts. Systems of schooling involve institutionalized teaching and learning in relation to a curriculum, which itself is established according to a predetermined purpose of the schools in the system. Schools systems were also based on people’s religion giving them different curricula. [edit] Curriculum Main articles: Curriculum, Curriculum theory, and List of academic disciplines School children in Durban, South Africa. In formal education, a curriculum is the set of courses and their content offered at a school or university. As an idea, curriculum stems from the Latin word for race course, referring to the course of deeds and experiences through which children grow to become mature adults. A curriculum is prescriptive, and is based on a more general syllabus which merely specifies what topics must be understood and to what level to achieve a particular grade or standard. An academic discipline is a branch of knowledge which is formally taught, either at the university–or via some other such method. Each discipline usually has several sub-disciplines or branches, and distinguishing lines are often both arbitrary and ambiguous. Examples of broad areas of academic disciplines include the natural sciences, mathematics, computer science, social sciences, humanities and applied sciences. [5] Educational institutions may incorporate fine arts as part of K-12 grade curriculums or within majors at colleges and universities as electives. The various types of fine arts are music, dance, and theater. [6] [edit] Preschools Main article: Preschool education The term preschool refers to a school for children who are not old enough to attend kindergarten. It is a nursery school. Preschool education is important because it can give a child the edge in a competitive world and education climate. [citation needed] While children who do not receive the fundamentals during their preschool years will be taught the alphabet, counting, shapes and colors and designs when they begin their formal education they will be behind the children who already possess that knowledge. The true purpose behind kindergarten is â€Å"to provide a child-centered, preschool curriculum for three to seven year old children that aimed at unfolding the child’s physical, intellectual, and moral nature with balanced emphasis on each of them. †[7] [edit] Primary schools Main article: Primary education Primary school in open air. Teacher (priest) with class from the outskirts of Bucharest, around 1842. Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first 5–7 years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or eight years of schooling starting at the age of five or six, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 89% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising. [8] Under the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education. The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age. Some education systems have separate middle schools, with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen. Schools that provide primary education, are mostly referred to as primary schools. Primary schools in these countries are often subdivided into infant schools and junior school. In India, compulsory education spans over twelve years, out of which children receive elementary education for 8 years. Elementary schooling consists of five years of primary schooling and 3 years of upper primary schooling. Various states in the republic of India provide 12 years of compulsory school education based on national curriculum framework designed by the National Council of Educational Research and Training. Students working with a teacher at Albany Senior High School, New Zealand Students in a classroom at Samdach Euv High School, Cambodia In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education comprises the formal education that occurs during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, â€Å"post-secondary†, or â€Å"higher† education (e. g. university, vocational school) for adults. Depending on the system, schools for this period, or a part of it, may be called secondary or high schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, middle schools, colleges, or vocational schools. The exact meaning of any of these terms varies from one system to another. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education also varies from country to country and even within them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of schooling. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. In the United States, Canada and Australia primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 education, and in New Zealand Year 1–13 is used. The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to prepare for higher education or to train directly in a profession. The emergence of secondary education in the United States did not happen until 1910, caused by the rise in big businesses and technological advances in factories (for instance, the emergence of electrification), that required skilled workers. In order to meet this new job demand, high schools were created, with a curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better  prepare students for white collar or skilled blue collar work. This proved to be beneficial for both employers and employees, for the improvement in human capital caused employees to become more efficient, which lowered costs for the employer, and skilled employees received a higher wage than employees with just primary educational attainment. In Europe, grammar schools or academies date from as early as the 16th century, in the form of public schools, fee-paying schools, or charitable educational foundations, which themselves have an even longer history.

How Serfdom Save the Women’s Movement: A Summary

Flanagan in this article expresses the different roles that women play in this society. This was told in point of view of a woman once and innocent girl of 15 years girl, later grew and got married to realize her predicament which the society dictate her to be. The article speaks of her observations and experiences and talked of a nanny, a nurse, a waitress, a mother, a single mother, a domestic helper, a factory worker, and herself as a working mother. Several characters where in fact introduced and their features are sometimes presented but they all revolved to the theme that women in the society are relegated to a lesser class human being as compared to their male counterpart. The women worked hard but received meager pay and seldom get better positions in a company. The article speaks of wives and mothers who are expected to raise their children, do the household chores, but do not get so much in return. It speaks of the desire of women to have professional works while they perform their roles as loving mother and a good wife. The presence of a nanny in the house provides more freedom for a working mother to have more time for herself and for her outside work for the home. Nanny or domestic helper or workers are most welcome by working mothers this is so because they unburden the mother of the tasks and responsibilities of taking care of the needs of the children. Nanny, or domestic helper, or a nurse in the house, or a secretary in an office is still a form of slavery. It is a serfdom that inspired the women to organize and empower themselves to gain freedom and recognition in this society.

Review of Tom Englehardt’s The End of Victory Culture Essay

Like many young men of his generation Tom Englehardt is the son of a World War II veteran and was raised in the shadow of Allied victory over Japan and Germany. It was an era of clearly evil enemies and clearly honorable victors. America was a â€Å"winner†, but according to Englehardt â€Å"between 1945 and 1975 victory culture ended in America† and he â€Å"traces its decomposition through those years of generational loss and societal disillusionment to Vietnam, which was its graveyard for all to see† (10). According to Englehardt’s cover-jacket promotion, â€Å"this remarkable and unexpected history of our time†¦reconstructs a half-century of the crumbling borderlands of American consciousness†¦a nation living an afterlife amid the ruins of its national narrative† (cover-jacket). Further, he presents the question of whether there is â€Å"an imaginable America without enemies and without the story of their slaughter and our triumph? † (Cover-jacket). Perhaps since its publication in 1995 Englehardt has had a chance to reflect on his version of American history and consider how it is that America has lived through its â€Å"afterlife† and despite incredible adversity continues to not just survive, but thrive. Englehardt begins his version of post-war American history with what can only be described as the academically-required survey of All That Was Wrong With America. There is a great value in discovering and analyzing policies and actions in a postmortem sense, for the obvious reason of improving what worked and reworking what failed. There is a great disservice in reviewing history within the context and framework of contemporary thought and morality. The reader gets Englehardt’s version of the European White Man’s conquest of indigenous Americans, the depredations of slavery and lynching, and the unworldly horror of American atomic destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. There is little, if any doubt in any rational person’s mind these were not exactly shining examples of Americana. But his recounting of these events raises questions he is unable to answer. First, and truly not callously, how long should America apologize, if that is what Englehardt demands? Second, with American â€Å"manifest destiny† and the bombing of Japan, just exactly what were the alternatives at the time? Finally, with slavery and the civil rights movement, where is the relevance to Englehardt’s central thesis? At some point realizations are made that we cannot undo historical fact, no matter how unsavory the events were, and ultimately, as a person and as a nation we must move on. Throughout his book Englehardt exhibits a not-so-subtle bias, evident from the onset and which must be taken into account. One need look no closer than the jacket promotion: Englehardt is careful to use the word â€Å"slaughter† in reference to America’s enemies, not â€Å"defeat†. Englehardt traces the â€Å"victory culture† through the media, beginning with the World War II era â€Å"Why We Fight† documentaries and Hollywood’s active war-time production of â€Å"hero† movies (51). In the post-war era â€Å"pride in on-screen westerns and war culture was any boy’s inheritance† (52). Englehardt believes the culture was based â€Å"on an ambush that could touch all but the imagination in only the most limited ways. Now for the first time since the earliest days of the European invasion of North America, the ambush (by nuclear weapons) threatened actual extermination† (52). Again, Englehardt is careful to use the word â€Å"invasion† instead of â€Å"migration† or colonization† preferring to impart a negative connotation whenever possible. For him â€Å"the military-industrial complex grew to monstrous proportions† leading to the first real nuclear standoff in the Cuban Missile Crisis (52-3). Englehardt does not supply any reference to support his claim that â€Å"nothing could rally Americans for such a war† (53). Englehardt writes in a very disjointed manner, alternately discussing the bombing of Japan, the Korean War, communism and McCarthyism, and his father (73). He devotes chapters to children’s toys and his own collection of war figurines (85). He discusses the impact of television, and declares that by the end of the sixties â€Å"war as myth and play seemed to have been swept clean out of American culture† (89). In the span of less than thirty pages Englehardt manages to discuss, and apparently relate, Malcolm X, George Kennan, the Cold War, vampires, Broken Arrow, UFO’s and The Incredible Shrinking Man (90-112). Apparently these all relate to the pronouncements of Malcolm X and Kennan, respectively: â€Å"the whole world knows that the white man cannot survive another war† and Kennan â€Å"marking the spot where his own society threatened to leap of some cliff† (111-112). Englehardt continues his review of the media culture of the late fifties and sixties, once again in a very haphazard and distracting style. It seems he is bent on throwing in every facet of American culture as if to miss any one item would spoil his entire recipe. The reader is left to his discussions of anti-communism and Cuba, juvenile delinquency, civil rights, Dobie Gillis, Mad Magazine, Bill Haley and the Comets, television advertising, Rebel Without a Cause and Happy Days. His chapters read more like the answers to a huge game of Trivia Pursuit than any historical reflection of substance. All he is missing is the game cards: question: who played Josh Randall in Wanted: Dead or Alive? answer: Steve McQueen (152). Somehow, according to Englehardt, it is all related to the demise of victory culture. When after approximately two hundred pages Englehardt finally decides to discuss Vietnam he does so with an expected emphasis on horrors and atrocities. But first he must take the reader through GI Joe (Englehardt takes pains to describe Hasbro’s late entry with â€Å"Negro Joe† and â€Å"She-Joe†), Sergeant Roc, Kennedy assassination conspiracy theory, and Fail Safe (175-187). Any review of substance of the war in Vietnam will by necessity be a huge undertaking, and Englehardt is not to be criticized for discussing what amounts to a â€Å"worst of† list of horrors that faced the Vietnamese, the American soldiers, and the American public. Unfortunately for Englehardt â€Å"the mineshaft has been thoroughly mined† and he brings no new information or analysis to the table. Vietnam was a tremendous â€Å"media war† in terms of coverage and indelible images. A few images, such as the young naked napalmed girl running in fright or the point-blank assassination of a captured Viet Cong soldier, seem to crystallize all of the horror and insanity of that war. Englehardt decides to provide the literary simile, with quotations from veterans describing the horrors and atrocities of My Lai and other villages. It is in a sense gratuitous and repetitious, and serves little purpose other than to reinforce the general negativity of the entire book. Before Englehardt turns his attention to the Desert Storm/Desert Shield operations he first makes the point that previous military operations in Panama and Grenada were unnecessary exhibits of force and quickly dismisses them as â€Å"exaggerated, over referential event(s)† (281). He prefaces his discussion of the Gulf War as â€Å"(in) the new version of victory culture, the military spent no less time planning to control the screen than the battlefield, and the neutralization of a potentially oppositional media became a war goal† (290). It is always remarkable that reporters and journalists who steadfastly claim they have either been manipulated or denied access manage to produce analytical and critical volumes assessing what they allegedly were not allowed to witness. Englehardt reaches the conclusion that in a sense â€Å"the Gulf War was a response to the Japanese and European economic challenges in that it emphasized the leading-edge aspects of the country’s two foremost exports: arms and entertainment† (295). Englehardt finishes his book by revisiting his friend GI Joe, who has â€Å"been running hard to survive in a confused world† (302). In closing he states â€Å"what path out of the ruins may be neither Joe nor we understand† (303). It is doubtful Englehardt is on anyone’s â€Å"short list† of consultants to contact regarding the contemporary framework of war. His work is well-researched and thoroughly documented with page upon page of footnotes and references. However what is telling is what is absent from his index. It reads like an encapsulation of American pop culture, as would be expected, with countless references to movies, television, and American icons. It reflects an insulated viewpoint of American â€Å"culture of victory† as seen only through American media. There is a much greater awareness of the geopolitical effects of any conflict, and it is difficult if not impossible to simply pigeon-hole war in outdated terms of American cultural â€Å"heroes† or â€Å"victory†. Ultimately he can take credit with the foresight to see the end of a culture of victory, but events since publication have drastically changed the meaning of â€Å"victory† in war, and unfortunately decrease the relevance of his work. Today’s battlefields in Iraq and Afghanistan reflect America’s greater engagement in a global War on Terror. There is little, if any similarity in the dangers faced today compared to previous military engagements or World Wars. Global terrorism brings a previously unknown dimension to military theorists and analysts. Certainly there is a popular swell of support for the defeat, if not â€Å"slaughter† of Osama bin Laden and the terrorists responsible for the death of civilian non-combatants. But there is less a sense of a desire for a â€Å"victory culture† as there is for a â€Å"survival culture†. Without saying as much Englehardt could stand for the premise, as any wise man would, that pacifism is preferred to war, and in war the victors are often vanquished as well. That takes a world far different from the one that exists today. There is no doubt America is the superpower but it does not operate in a vacuum; today there is a broader and stronger global mandate for peace than any American desire for victory in war. At the time of publication The End of Victory Culture may have reflected â€Å"a confused world† with â€Å"paths not understood†. Since September 11, 2001 events have given clarity to any confusion, and the path to safety and survival must be followed.

Delivering Learning In Online Environments Essay - 14

Delivering Learning In Online Environments - Essay Example A more pragmatic thing to say will be that though online education is not a panacea for every academic void, yet it does facilitate the students, a viable portal to enhance their skills and knowledge if they do not afford to attend regular classes. The supporters of classroom education do say that regular classrooms are a better platform for imparting education as they allow the students to engage in interactions with their class fellows and teachers and analyze varied facets of the academic content they study (Weller, 2002). Besides classroom education nowadays is flexible enough to provide the students with varied time schedules and frameworks to allow them to add on to their academic achievements. The traditional campus environment does help the students to be disciplined with their curriculum and studies and to be prompt with their assignments, papers, and deadlines (Weller, 2002). It allows the students to avail the required help and academic framework to finish their assignments in a regular and professional manner. Besides, it is the face to face communication that makes the classroom education so special as compared to online education (Weller, 2002). The motivation and encouragement provided by teachers in regular clas srooms do make the students perform to the best of their ability. Yet, the thing is that the supporters of online education do tend to have valid reasons to support this mode of achieving an education. It has been said time and again that students happen to gain more if they have a vocational aspect to their academic growth. Thereby, online education is very flexible in the sense that it helps the students gain on many skills and academic qualifications while they are engaged in the career and vocational aspects of their life.

International financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International financial management - Essay Example Currently Chinese Yuan is fluctuating around 6.3 per US Dollar showing a stronger Chinese Yuan as compared US Dollar. Overall, it can be concluded that Chinese Yuan became stronger against US Dollar in past 5 years as it became stronger by CNY0.8 approximately 11.26%. From last 2.5 years, Chinese Yuan has been constantly appreciating against US Dollars. The above chart represents USD/CNY for the 12-month period starting from March 1, 2012 and ending on February 28, 2013. Exchange rate was at CNY6.3 at the beginning of the period and it was at around CNY6.29 at the closure of 12-month period. Overall the Yuan remained quite stable throughout 12-month period and appreciated by only CNY0.01 which is approximately 0.15%. If the above graph is closely looked at, it can be noticed that in the first seven months, Chinese Yuan tended to remain weaker as compared to US Dollar such that several times it touched CNY 6.34. On July 27, 2012, Yuan was found to be the weakest in the whole year such that it climbed up to around CNY 6.39 which was the highest exchange rate in the whole year. Since then Yuan remained a bit flat around the level of CNY 6.34 till October 2012. After that there has been a considerable appreciation observed in Chinese Yuan such that it broke the psychological level of CNY6.3 in mid-October and tend to remain stronger ag ainst US Dollars. It sharply strengthened on December 1, 2012 such that it came to the level of CNY6.22 reaching at the lowest point in the year 2012. However it was a very temporary downfall of US Dollar against Yuan such that Yuan got weaker from the very next day it crossed the level of CNY6.3. The current year i.e. 2013 started with appreciation of Chinese Yuan against US Dollar such that it appreciated tremendously in daily movements on January 17, 2013 as it broke up the level of CNY 6.204 and reached to the bottom of CNY6.218. However, the

Effective team and performance management Essay

Effective team and performance management - Essay Example Performance management is an integrated and strategic approach to deliver flourishing results in organizations, by the improvement of performance, and by building the capability of individuals and teams. Performance management is important in achieving qualitative performance and superior standards. This project deals with the functions of effective team and performance management, and how they weekly reflects on the group exercise explaining the significant success factors in the growth of a team. It describes its reflections on the experience of practical seminar activities of team and performance management. It also explains group experience from the view of group members imaging their experience. This study evaluates the principles of inter-personal relationship, tries to understand group behaviour and dynamics of organizational behaviour, by analysing the various factors that influence individual behaviour in a team. The study evaluates effective management practice and behaviou ral skills in a team environment, which generate personal as well as organisational performance impact. Regarding effective team and performance management, the study classes include four activities, and they are animal survival reflection exercise, the activity can which adapt learning skills with the level of educational achievements. Other activities are egg flying activity, Belbin’s team role and lost on the moon. These activities study group behaviour and group efforts which help n building an effective team. 2.1) Reflect on what you learned from the group exercise in week one - three (Learning outcomes 3 and 4) It was a great experience that I received during the activities in the class as a team. I enjoyed it a lot. In the group exercise, from week one to week three, I learned about the application of organizational behaviour, and the theories of learning in the context of business. I also learned the factors that influence individual behaviour in a team. In the week o ne activity, I came to know the ways to accomplish assigned work, to respect team members, and how to hold on when the group falls beyond its expectations. The team began to perform well in norming stage. â€Å"Groups can also exert enormous in?uence on individuals through the medium of norms† (International Relations and Group Processes n.d) Each individual began by contributing their best for the improvement of the team. As a result of this, more effort was exerted by the group thereby bringing harmonious relation among the team members. All group members presented themselves at the meeting on time, so that they could closely follow the proceedings of the meeting, and no one was supposed to interrupt the meeting by arriving late at the venue. I, as a team member also learned about how to behave in a meeting, when to present our own opinions, if any; and to encourage silent members in the group to speak out. Decisions were made by the unanimous support of the team members. à ‚   A significant factor of success in the growth of a team, depends on the concept that all players in the team are equal in decision making; and that every team member is valued, and that they that contribute well for the team. All members should be honest in their communication, and should speak frankly without hurting the self-esteem of co-members. The active participation of team members in