Analysis of variance Free Essays

The green greenery bio-bug spray was extricated by methods for beating and crushing. The bug spray was tried by the analyst by applying it to 10 eremites in three preliminaries with three distinctive fixation. The main arrangement was applied with the 100% greenery separate, the second arrangement with the half, the third arrangement with the 25% fixation inclination of the greenery extricate. We will compose a custom exposition test on Investigation of fluctuation or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now The last arrangement was applied with commercialese bug spray. With the given outcomes that were registered from the accumulated information, the scientist presume that the elective speculation, which expresses that the green greenery concentrate would be a successful bio-bug spray on dry wood termites versus the commercialese bug spray by methods for their mortality, is acknowledged the explanation given that the F esteem is higher than the degrees of opportunity. On the off chance that the green greenery remove, contrasted with commercialese bug spray, would be a compelling bug spray against languid termites. Termite, basic name for various types of social creepy crawlies that can harm wooden structures, for example, furniture or houses, or different materials containing cellulose while different species acquire a unique liquid discharged by insects. Control is gotten additionally by utilizing wood rewarded with creosote or some different noxious compound. Since most laborer termites can't vive without dampness, the regions ought to be presented to dry air. Bug sprays prompted to termites are of the accompanying: The dirt where a structure is standing would be treated with a bug spray to debilitate termite invasions; wooden pieces of a structure would be treated with creosote or some different harmful substance for control along these lines making the termites live outside the wood yet the laborers can't live without dampness, subsequently being presented to dry air. Commercialese bug sprays are extremely unsafe not just for the basic soundness of the bugs yet additionally for people and the earth. Precarious synthetic substances that murder different lives will most possibly execute others. All in all, commercialese bug sprays which contains hurtful synthetic compounds are broadly extended in the nation yet should not be in this manner having the investigation. Greenery is utilized in this investigation as a bug spray to tired termites because of the Bryophytes confined area; wet, wet, and far off. Green greenery isn't reached by termites, in this way making thought of making the Bryophyte to be a bug spray. General Statement of the Problem The issues of the examination are the accompanying: The chance of the green greenery concentrate to be a likely bug spray to sluggish termites; the correlation of the green greenery separate as a bug spray and the commercialese bug spray to its viability over lazy termites. Explicit Questions 1 . L’s there a critical distinction between the various extents of the green greenery extricate and commercialese bug spray as far as slaughtering termites? . Will there be a high death rate on the termites when the green greenery separate is utilized. Explanation of the Hypotheses The invalid theory of this investigation is that the Green greenery concentrate would not be a powerful bug spray over sluggish termites versus the commercialese bug spray by methods for mortality while its elective speculation is that the Green greenery concentrate would be a viable bug spray on sagging termites versus the commercialese bug spray by methods for mortality. Noteworthiness of the Study The point of the examination is to utilize the wealth of green greenery remove in the research’s area for use as an option for a bug spray over commercialese items because of its concoction esteem. And furthermore, to discover what substance does the green greenery extricate documentation which has insecticidal properties over the termites, if at any point. Most Filipino families will profit by the examination because of its bounty in wherever which is moist; essentially, all over. It might likewise be mass delivered and might be a wellspring of salary to the Philippines; fare to different nations. Extension and Limitation The investigation will manage the creation of the bio-bug spray made out of the unadulterated concentrate assembled from the green greenery given the explanation of the innumerable synthetic compounds found in the commercialese bug spray and that the bio-bug spray is to Essen its use by demonstrating that the item has better death rate over bugs, for this situation, sluggish termites. The examination will be constrained on what sort of tests will the green greenery remove bio-bug spray experience. The examination is additionally restricted on utilizing only the green greenery as the asset for the investigation. Meaning of Terms Bryophyte †a herbal division (phylum) of little, delicate plants. Lazy termites †makes states in wood, with no association with the ground vital. Green greenery †A plant which may develop in a wide range of atmosphere and develop on an assortment of substrates. Bug spray a concoction utilized against bugs. Audit OF RELATED LITERATURE The possibility of Nonage bark remove as a bug spray was directed by Sheer Ann Alarming, Erectile Guessers, and Shannon Mayo through Photochemical Analysis and Screen-House Experiment. For the Screen-House Experiment, four nonsectarian were built with them applied Treatment An (unadulterated concentrate), B (extricate with fundamental oil), C (Bacon), and D (Raid). Death rate and adequacy of the concentrate were watched for two minutes y the specialists and the outcomes were exposed to One-route Analysis of Variance (NOVA). Accordingly, as far as the medicines adequately on mosquitoes, the unadulterated concentrate is the best. Then again, Treatments A, C and D were powerful against termites’ and cockroaches. The analysts had purchased to an end that Nonage Bark Extract is compelling and could be tapped as an option bio-bug spray in disposing of bugs. In another exploration, by Amman Bengal, handling on the Insecticidal impact of Thebe on basic house mosquitoes, he expressed that designers have had found that thebe oil contains insecticidal characteristics too albeit no poisonousness as been accounted for present. He at that point made a trial by acquainting the mixture with twenty(20) regular house mosquitoes to test the viably of it and was then watched for twenty(20) minutes. The outcomes carried the analyst to the end that thebe contains an insecticidal impact on mosquitoes. In conclusion, the scientists Gaylord and Clement had considered over the viability of cassava remove bug spray against termites and how it could fill in for the commercialese bug sprays. The concentrate was then accumulated and applied to twenty(20) termites inside a recepticle; splashed twice. After a few preliminaries and times estimated, they utilized T-test to arrange the information of the Cassava remove against the commercialese bug spray. They at that point inferred that the two have no noteworthy contrast and that the Cassava extricate is compelling and might fill in for the commercialese bug spray. Approach Location of the Study The examination was directed inside the region of the researcher’s school, Calm City Science High School. The greenery was assembled from Callahan, Laguna. Information Gathering Process The information was accumulated after the use of the 100%, half, and 25% inclination burning of the green greenery extricate, and the commercialese bug spray to the languid termites. The analyst had watched if there was a critical distinction between the four (4) substances to the death pace of the languid termites. Factual Analysis The information gathering procedure to be utilized in the investigation by the analyst is the One-route examination of difference that it might be utilized to at least two examples, by utilizing the F-test, and should be numerical information. Since the examples are free, they have equivalent changes, and that the bug sprays are practically conveyed by the equivalent guarantee, the examination is relevant for a One-way NOVA. Instruments The scientist utilized the accompanying materials to make the bio-bug spray made out of green greenery extricate. The crude materials that were utilized to make the item was green greenery and water (for the centralization of the concentrate). Different instruments utilized were mortar and pestle, to pummel the greenery and get the concentrate simpler; recepticle, as both a compartment and estimation apparatus for both the concentrate and commercialese bug spray; channel paper, all together not to get polluting influences to the concentrate; threatened holders as where the tired termites would be put to; and sprayer for the circulation of the concentrate. A stopwatch will be utilized to quantify the span of the mortality of the sluggish termites. System The analyst would initially gather the materials for the analysis going with: 500 grams of greenery; a measuring utencil; a blending bar; mortar and pestle; channel paper; patisseries; commercialese bug spray. The specialist would then concentrate the greenery utilizing the mortar and pestle and afterward be contained on a measuring utencil through channel paper and pipe. After a short slope, the concentrate and the commercialese bug spray will at that point be applied to 3 set-ups each and having the concentrate diminished from 100% focus to half and afterward to 25%. The outcomes will at that point be accumulated and organized after twenty(20) minutes utilizing the â€Å"One-route examination of variance† or the â€Å"One-way NOVA†. Synopsis and Conclusion This investigation was led to build up a bio-bug spray made out of green greenery remove that may slaughter sleepy termites. The information was accumulated by applying the diverse convergence of the green greenery remove which was 100%, half, and 25%, including the commercialese bug spray to three (3) preliminaries each containing ten (10) lazy termites. With the given outcomes that were processed from the assembled information, the specialist reason that the elective theory, which expresses that the green greenery concentrate would be a viable bio-bug spray on dry wood termites versus the commercialese bug spray by methods for their human

Data Communication and Networks for Database - myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theData Communication and Networks for Database. Answer: Presentation Reason The reason for the report is to propose a system for a private biomedical advancement association for obliging the current improvement of the relationship along its 2 abutting three story structures. The proposed organize involves web server, database servers and proper cabling plan for the replacement of the current arrangement of the affiliation. Remote passageway is in like manner required to be presented in the framework for enabling the system of the remote contraptions of the delegates, for instance, ipads, propelled cells and tablets. Foundation The framework is subnetted for different branches and the switches are required to be planned with VPN for engaging remote relationship in the framework. The versatility of the framework is examined and late advancement are used for the progression of the framework and handle the future improvement of the affiliation. The switches are also planned with get the chance to control list for blocking the unapproved customers to connect with the middle framework sections, for instance, the servers and database. A real and physical framework outline of the framework is made for show of the framework portions used for the improvement of the framework. The expense of the course of action of the proposed sort out structure in the affiliation is given in the report that would help the framework head with getting the focal points of the framework devices used and assess the monetary arrangement. Extension An alternate framework for the servers are made and the servers are required to be presented in an alternate space for lessening the risk of physical strike and augmentation the security of the framework. A firewall is moreover presented in the framework for growing the security and screen the development of the framework (Righi, Saurin and Wachs 2015). For growing the openness of the framework a load balancer is presented that would redirect the framework action through different channels and reduce the blockage of the framework development. Necessity Analysis Customers of the framework and need The item builds, website specialist and various laborers are the guideline customers of the proposed mastermind plan and they would get to the framework sections from different regions. Along these lines the assorted branches are required to be related to such a degree, that the delegates can talk with one another for growing the productivity of their work. Required information transmission The customers are distributed into different classes for task of the information move limit of the framework to them and lessen the blockage in the framework. The guideline classes are the considerable customer and the standard customers and the item improvement gathering and the web progression are under the staggering customers since they run unmistakable application that makes data development in the framework (Cardoso, Costa and Francs 2015). Different vlans are made for the customers and burden balancers are used for growing the efficiency of the framework. The immediate customers are those having least printing occupations and they are allotted with different Vlans and unmistakable printers for reducing the holding up time. Remote Management The switches are planned with VPN to such a degree, that the remote customers can get to the progressive resources from remote zone and augmentation their productivity. The VPN affiliation is developed using a firewall for growing the security of the framework and moderate the peril of data modification and data robbery. Need of Mobility For engaging BYOD in the affiliation the versatility reinforce is required to be enabled and remote passage is required to be presented in different zone of the structure to such a degree, that the agents can use the framework for interfacing their contraptions and proceed with the work. The passageway of the system demonstrates is furthermore required be made sure about with authentic encryption figuring to such a degree, that unapproved customers doesn't approach of the various leveled framework. Investigation and depiction of the present system Circuits The system is made with a less reaction time and cabling plan is required to be utilized for supporting tremendous proportion of transmission. Cisco 1900 arrangement switches are used for the transmission of information parcels in the system and there is no choice of remote availability. No remote passage are introduced in the system for supporting the workers to associate their gadgets and workstations in the authoritative system. The fundamental structure contains the thing plan and the site authority and a titanic proportion of development is produced using the structure and thusly there is a need of stirring up the system to reduce blockage and handle the solicitation of the client productively. The switches introduced in the system bolsters VLAN setup however it isn't arranged for lessening the impact of system traffic. Feline 5 links joins the various interfaces of the gadgets utilized in the system and makes it open to the clients. Equipment The equipment utilized for the representatives are out of date and influences the efficiency of the workers. It doesn't bolsters virtualization and along these lines required to be supplanted. The switch is required to be redesigned and remote passageways is additionally required to be introduced at all of the branches for associating the remote gadgets (Zhu, Crainic and Gendreau 2014). The memory and the handling velocity of the representatives machine is additionally required to be expanded. Topology Programming Windows Server 2008 is introduced and used for the administration of the system. A portion of the work areas have free authorized antivirus programming projects and other are left unprotected. For organize investigation wireshark is used and it is introduced on a PC to catch the system traffic and keep it as a proof of any sort of assaults. Investigation A certifiable and a physical system graph is made for the structure and it is required to be coordinated with proper systems association conventions for managing the solicitation from the clients. The current is required to be redesigned for the settlement of the more number of focuses and workstation in the workplace (Saarman et al. 2013). The current strategy utilizes a Hub for exchanging of the information packs and it is required to be replaced with switches and switches for broadening the ampleness of the course of action. The current system have piles of level of progress, there is a fundamental of execution of the remote passage on the current structure for the distinction in the framework. Examination and portrayal of the proposed arrange Circuits For the advancement of the proposed arrange plan diverse innovation are investigated and applied for expanding the productivity of the present system of the association. The fundamental objectives of the system is to expand the profitability of the workers and along these lines the switches utilized in the system arrangement are layer 2 and is designed with vlans for the various degrees of clients. Feline 5 links of the old system is supplanted with the feline 6 links and the interconnection of the interfaces of the switches are finished with sequential links. Equipment The servers are created with multi center processors and bigger memory to deal with progressively number of solicitations produced from the system. The server likewise bolsters virtualization that it tends to be virtualized when the heap of the system increments and along these lines makes the proposed arrange adaptable. Firewall gadgets are likewise introduced at various purposes of the system for obstructing the obscure solicitation to arrive at the servers and increment the security of the system. Topology Programming Microsoft Windows Server 2010 is utilized for the improvement of the servers and Avast Internet Security is introduced on the customer and the representatives machine for urge infection and spam insurance. There are other programming required, for example, Corel premium assortment required for structuring programming, Turbo Cad fancy, and so forth for expanding the productivity of the product designers. Cost Estimation Equipment Cisco Catalyst 2800 24 Port Layer 3 switch. Learning With Technologies $ 8,333.00 2 $ 16,666.00 Acer Altos R720 Rackmount Servers Learning With Technologies $ 5,000.00 5 $ 25,000.00 Cisco Catalyst 2800 Router Learning With Technologies $10,000 2 $ 20,000.00 Lacie 2 TB 10/100/1000 Back-up Device Learning With Technologies 657 2 $ 1,314.00 APC Back UPS RS Learning With Technologies 495 2 $ 990.00 Netgear WG302 Managed Wireless Access Point Learning With Technologies 331 20 $ 6,620.00 Netgear GS108 Switch 8-port Learning With Technologies 159 36 $ 5,724.00 Acer Veriton S480 including 14 LCD screens Learning With Technologies 886 200 $ 177,200.00 Samsung Laser Printers Learning With Technologies 921 12 $ 11,052.00 Server Cabinets Learning With Technologies 1481 2 $ 2,962.00 Cabling Store n $ 5,000.00 Office Furniture Office_Works n $ 15,500.00 Sub Total $ 287,528.00 Programming $ - Microsoft Windows Server 2010 R2 On the web 1650 1 $ 1,650.00 Microsoft Office 2016 On the web 51 200 $ 10,200.00 Corel Premium Collection On the web 1795 1 $ 1,795.00 TurboCad Deluxe On the web 58 35 $ 2,030.00 Avast Internet Security On the web 1109 8 $ 8,872.00 Web Plan (counting ISP gave Router) Telstra 3720 1 $ 3,720.00

How might the development of professional learning communities enhance Essay

By what means may the advancement of expert learning networks improve educating and learning in Design and Technology in the grade school - Essay Example Every one of these attributes guarantee that an expert shows skill and strength over their exchange. In this manner, professionalization turned into a typical pattern among various occupations, and one that has gotten incredible consideration from sociologists (Wueste, 1997). While professionalization is commonly acknowledged as a significant heading among occupations, it has gotten different analysis originating from various points. Andrew Abbott’s primary pundit about the idea of polished methodology are specific cases of scholars that â€Å"the advancement of callings are unidirectional; that the improvement of individual callings doesn't rely upon that of others; that what callings doâ€the fill in just as the requisit expertiseâ€is less significant than how they are orgnised to do it; that callings are homogeneous units; and that the procedure of professionalization doesn't change over time† (Wueste, 1997, p. 8). Identified with the last component recognized by Abbot, another significant critcism depends on the way that polished skill is established. Various occupations have created more significant levels of preparing and measures of training to improve their cases to proficient status. Nonetheless, Wilensky (1964) said that a sig nificant number of these gatherings laid on an information base which was either excessively broad and obscure, or excessively limited. Their insight base was frail and not straightforwardly utilized by them. Polished methodology is additionally muddled by copmeting methods of systematizing mastery, for example, commodification and beurocratic association (Wuestes, 1997). In this manner, a progressively favored term was utilized by Etzioni (1969) to characterize these occupations: semi-experts. The field of instruction has been generally in consistent danger of de-professionalization (Bottery and Wright, 2000), and educators might be viewed as being prime instances of what Etzioni (1969) call as semi-experts. A great part of the issues are followed to how the instructive

Lemurs in Madagascar Assignment Free Essays

Partner Level Material Lemurs in Madagascar Assignment View the â€Å"Lemurs in Madagascar †Surviving on an Island of Change† video. Utilizing the data found in this video, and in Ch. 5 and 6 of Visualizing Environmental Science, answer the accompanying inquiries in 25 to 100 words each. We will compose a custom article test on Lemurs in Madagascar Assignment or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now 1. What are Madagascar’s biomes? Talk about the significant highlights of in any event one of these biomes. Utilize the reading material for biome models. A= In Madagascar their biome is the tropical rainforest. An element of a biome from the tropical rainforest is the temperature; it is typically warm yearly with downpour consistently. There are 3 distinct layers to the biome in the tropical rainforest, first being the layer on trees, the subsequent layer being on the leaves, and the keep going layer being on the ground of the rainforest. 2. What changes occurring in Madagascar are presenting difficulties for lemurs? Give insights regarding the sources, time scale, and sorts of progress. A= the progressions that are going on are making numerous difficulties to lemurs is the obliteration of the tropical rainforest by people. Lemurs eat the leaves from the trees, and if the trees are being chopped down it is pulverizing the rainforest as well as the lemur’s wellspring of food. 3. Which kinds of lemurs are adjusting to the changes? Which sorts of lemurs are not adjusting great? Why? A= the lemurs that are doing great with the progressions are the ones optional to the territories adjusted by individuals, these lemurs are known as the ring-followed lemur, they utilize the harvests of the individuals to discover food because of the devastation of the rainforest. The lemurs that are not adjusting admirably are the bamboo lemurs, they eat just bamboo and since a great deal of plants are gone they don't have food to eat. 4. What social and physical attributes are being supported in lemurs in the changing Madagascar condition? A= well a portion of the lemurs can adjust to the progressions and they are examining this sort to perceive what will assist them with changing and furthermore to check whether that change can be appeared to different lemurs. 5. For what reason may lemurs not advance to adjust to the adjustments in Madagascar? A= this can happen is a lemur possibly eats a particular kind of plant and in the event that there is not, at this point plant in the rainforest, at that point the progressions for that variety of lemur won't be acceptable. 6. Which biogeochemical cycles might be adjusted by anthropogenic exercises on Madagascar, and how? A= this includes the change between climatic gases, soils, seas and living creatures. Since the people keep on obliterating these assets in Madagascar zones will kept on being affected. Reference â€Å"Lemurs in Madagascar: Surviving on an Island of Change. † Films Media Group, 2006. Movies on Demand. Step by step instructions to refer to Lemurs in Madagascar Assignment, Papers

What Are the Benefits of Writing Research Articles?

What Are the Benefits of Writing Research Articles?There are many benefits to be had by writing research articles. These can help you in your career, they allow you to make a decent income from the internet, and there are also personal benefits involved in writing articles. What are some of the benefits that people benefit from when they are writing research articles?Firstly, when writing a research article for a business, it allows you to become an expert in the field you are interested in. This is the first benefit and it is a very important one to consider when writing articles. As mentioned before, this means that you can start making a lot of money from this type of article, and your readers will want to read more articles based on what you have written.Secondly, the article will also allow you to have a link back to your website or blog. This means that you can drive a lot of traffic to your website or blog and that is where all of your income will come from. Without these link s, this income will be harder to come by.The third great benefit is that there is a lot of article writing that takes place on the internet. You will soon find that there are people who are interested in your topic, so you will need to write as many articles as you can. Of course this means that there will be a lot of competition for the number of articles you can write on a regular basis.Another great benefit to writing a research article is that it is one way to get your name out there and known to the general public. This means that when people are looking for information online, they will see your name, but they may not know who you are. This will give you a great opportunity to introduce yourself to these people.Writing a research article can also help you because you can introduce yourself to your prospects. The research articles that you write will give you an insight into their business and industry. They will then be able to see how well you understand that industry and the y will be able to tell if you are the right person for the job.You will also be able to drive a lot of traffic to your website. As we have talked about before, the articles you write will help with driving a lot of traffic to your website. If you are using the links that you are given for your website, this will be a great boost to your income.When you are writing a research article, you should not only be writing an article on your area of interest. You should be researching as much as you can. This way, you will have a wider audience for your research articles and this will mean that you will be more successful with them.

Telecommunication Timelines Essay - 275 Words

Telecommunication Timelines (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: Timelines of TelecommunicationsNameInstitutional AffiliationTimeline of the Telecommunication Industry MilestonesIntroductionThe telecommunication industry has incurred tremendous changes to reach where it is now. From the time when communication was by smoke signals and drums to the current times when information can be sent from one continent to the other at lightning speed. These changes occurred in some stages and below are some of the major milestone that the telecommunication industry has gone through to be where it is now.1876Alexander Graham BellÂinvents the telephone. Elisha Gray files a patent application just three hours after Bell. Over 600 patent suits are filed in the next eleven years. All are settled in bells favor. Bell sells his patent to the Western Union for $ 100,000.1888First public payphones are put in place. This was the earlier days after the first tests on the just invented telephone.1904Telephone answering machines that can transmit from one office to the other are invented. The use of telephones had expanded, and the office phones were now in the market.1954First computer operating systems are invented. There is a precedent for computer communication including the use of modems.1960The first modem, data phone was designed by ATT made specifically for converting computer data to analog signal for transmission across its long distance network. This invention improved transmissions efficiency in national and global systems.1963Voice and data transmission over microwave systems. There is also the first synchronous satellite that is able to revolve at the same speed as the earth and is able to transmit live voices across continents.1966Tom Carter sued ATT. He wanted ATT to permit connection of his phone patch. Later FCC approves Carterphone's Decision. ATT was ordered by FCC to revise tariffs that were to be effective 1/1/69 to permit it to connect CPE. (It was until 1978 that the legal action of getting part 68 of the FCC ruling was put in place). ATT started developing the Integrated Digital Services Network (ISDN).1981ÂFirst cellular mobile telephone service is offered. This step must have been one of the greatest creation of all times. Currently, billions of people in the world own and use mobile phones. The way mobile phones are used have changed over time, and they are no longer just used for audio communications due to numerous inventions over the years.1984Court orders divestiture of ATT based on the department of justice suit. This was because ATT was acting as a monopoly in the provision of communications services. The government was aiming at creating competition for supplying telephone equipment and other supplies to operative companies.As the government had targeted, there was a surge of competition in the telecommunications companies. The competition led to a series of changes in service delivery and charges in the telecommunication sector.1989The World Wide Web was invented. Ti m Berners-Lee, a scientist from Britain, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989. The web was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for automatic information sharing. The coming up with the World Wi...

The Color Purbple by Alice Walker - 870 Words

The Color Purple, by Alice Walker is a epistolary novel which portrays the struggles of African American women for independence, self esteem, and identity. The effect of racism and sexism on the black community, especially black women is expressed throughout the book. This novel is told through letters which chronologically goes through 30 years of Celie’s life in South America. The 91 letters written by both Celie and her sister Nettie awakens Celie where she gains a spiritual encouragement from Nettie, Sofia, and Shug. The Color Purple is the sisterhood of Celie, Nettie, Shug and Sofia which contributes a lot to Celie’s escape from slavery. Celie and Nettie have depended on their sisterhood for survival due to their fathers natural death and their mother’s weakness. Celie plays the role of Nettie’s parents especially the maternal role. Celie says â€Å"I’ll take care of you. With God help.† after her mother passes away and Mr. tries to rape Nettie (Walker. 3). When Nettie is around Celie, she feels a sense of comfort in the harsh world she lives in even though she hasn’t heard from her in years. Celie hopes that Nettie is still living and one day they will see one another again. Because Nettie and Celie have no contact after Mr. bans them from seeing one another God is the only thing she has to talk to. The friendship between Celie and Nettie helped Celie through the abuse from her husband. The letter writing between Celie and Nettie goes through a long period of absence

Artificial Intelligence in Missile Technology - 2928 Words

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MISSILE TECHNOLOGY K.Manasa B-Tech III/IV Branch: EEE Shadan College of Engg Tech, Peerancheru, Hyderabad-08. konda_sowmya @yahoo.com Abstract: The development, strength, economy and progress depends on the status of the Defence, This paper deals with various generations of computer where the fifth generation computers use Artificial Intelligence. A few applications of Artificial Intelligence used in various technologies have also been discussed. The main focus of paper is on chaser missiles, which implements the missile technology using Artificial Intelligence. The Anupama processor designed in India can be used in chasers. This shows the development of Artificial Intelligence in Indian defence systems. The†¦show more content†¦The Turing test is a one-sided test. A machine that passes this test should certainly be considered as intelligent, irrespective of having knowledge about human. There are many adversaries about this fact, that an excellent discussion on the Turing test is not supportive, with restrictions on the observers knowledge of AI and the subject matter of questioning. It turns out that some people are easily misinterpreted that, a rather dumb program is intelligent. When we set out to design an AI program, we should attempt to specify as well as possible the criteria for success for that particular program functioning in its restricted domain. 4.1 Hardware for AI: In order to use AI in any system a few hardware specifications are required. The minimum requirements include a computing system containing an IC built processor, a control unit, memory devices, and a converter for external interfaces, floating-point unit, input-output ports and timers. These components work relatively with the computing system as per the AI oriented software. 4.2 Software for AI Software is the intelligence that runs the hardware in a computer. 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Risk Management Of Public Debt In Emerging Countries Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2441 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Overall objective of public debt management is to reduce the countrys fiscal vulnerability by stabilizing the debt ratio dynamics at some desirable level (Melecky 2007). The traditional approach to public debt management analyzes debt sustainability in the absence of risk. The risk management approach, in contrast, shows that risk is minimized if a debt instrument provides insurance against variations in the primary budget and the debt ratio due to uncertainty about output and inflation (Bloomenstien 2005). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Risk Management Of Public Debt In Emerging Countries Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Risk management, which lies at the heart of government debt management, makes crucial link between the formulation and implementation of debt management strategies (Wheeler 2004). Importance of public debt risk management as appropriate tool of debt control was confirmed by financial crises from the nineties and especially the late 2000s recession, which leave many economies worldwide, both developed and emerging, with high budget deficits and public and external debts. Managing risks associated with sovereign debt is particularly challenging in emerging market economies compared to more advanced economies due to the volatility in the macro environment, as well as the complexity of the debt structure and the underdevelopment of financial markets, which make it harder to use more advanced risk management tools (Bloomenstein 2004). More specifically, particular issues of sovereign debt risk management in EMCs include: Lack of natural stabilizers. EMCs lack the natural stabilizing structural characteristics that allow the use of effective counter-cyclical policies (Garcia and Rigobon 2004). Inefficient government bond market. Emerging debt managers often face difficulties or impossibilities to borrow in nominal terms in the domestic currency in the long-run, which results in less options for fiscal adjustments and more dependency from captive lending agreements. This phenomenon is well-known as original sin (Eichengreen, Hausmann and Panizza 2002). Limitations to benefit from risk-sharing. Many emerging markets are not in the position to benefit from efficient international or domestic risk-sharing, neither to share a significant degree their risks with their creditors (Bloomenstein 2005). High risk of contingent liabilities. Emerging market economies faces high risk of contingent liabilities World Bank Study of public debt dynamics shows that the realization of (implicit and explicit) contingent liabilities contributes nearly 50% to the increase i n public debt in a sample of 21 emerging markets (Anderson 2004). 3. LITERATURE REVIEW Public debt management as the general framework of the public debt risk management has been rarely issue of academic analysis until last two decades, although it has been practiced as a part of economic policy for centuries. Early academic papers in this field were primarily dealing with debt management objectives. Tobin (1963) regard government debt management primarily as a tool for macroeconomic stabilisation, with minimisation of interest costs coming secondary. Baro (1979) recommended tax smoothing as government debt objective, claiming that, if there is a sharp rise in government expenditure during a recession, this should not be compensated with tax increases, but rather be absorbed by a temporary deterioration of the budget balance. Consideration of tax smoothing as debt management objective became first mainstream line of academic reasoning about public debt governance and open the discussion on the issue of optimal debt structure that should provide a hedge against mac roeconomic shocks to the government budget, that is, by choosing a portfolio of securities with returns that co-vary negatively with government consumption and positively with the tax base and, thus, output (Lucas and Stokey, 1983; Barro, 1995; Bohn, 1990; Missale, 1997). Licandro and Masoller (2000) provide analytical solution for the optimal debt structure. Due to the Stabilization and Growth Pact that was introduced to European Monetary Union, budget deficit of member countries has been limited to 3%, thus Missale (2000) set the analytical solution for the optimal debt structure stating budget deficit to GDP as objective function. In general, budget stabilization or tax smoothing approach provides important insights in decision making process in public debt management and emphasized importance of the correlation matrix between key macroeconomic variables like inflation, GDP growth and interest and exchange rates for the optimization of debt structure. However, tax smoothing ap proach as public debt management objective was criticized in terms of their practical accuracy. Alesina, Roubini and Cohen (1997) argue that debt managers ignore the budget stabilisation approach because budgetary policy is not driven by tax smoothing motives. They claim that governments put up with the welfare losses caused by tax rate fluctuations. De Haan and Wolswijk (2005) attribute the lack of practical application of the budget stabilisation approach to the fact that countries find it difficult to investigate how the various macroeconomic variables affect the debt costs and the balance. Furthermore, it is not known what shocks (demand or supply shocks) a country may expect. As a result, it is practically impossible to determine the right hedge for the budget balance in advance. Additional critics that could be addressed to this approach is that it says little about exposure of debt portfolio to risk and costs of debt. New mainstream line of academic reasoning has started a t the beginning of the century, when Sweden Debt Management Office (Bergstrom and Holmlund, 2000) introduced new approach to debt management that set minimization of debt costs an objective of public debt management and employs stochastic process modeling in order to capture stochastic nature of risk factors. Power to the rise of new approach was given by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, which Guidelines for the Public Debt Management, issued in 2001, states that the main objective of public debt management is to ensure that the governments financing needs and its payment obligations are met at the lowest possible cost over the medium to long run, consistent with a prudent degree of risk. In practical sense, it means that governments should look for such debt structure that minimize potential loss of adverse shocks and market movements by efficient management of the risks. Additionally, Guidelines clearly stated six types of the risk that governments should manage . Cost minimization approach was widely accepted by debt management authorities worldwide and included as public debt management objective in associated strategies (Wheeler, 2004, pp. 14-15). Correspondingly, large number of academic papers dealing with minimization of a government loss function based on numerical approach has emerged. According to Melecky (2007), recent numerical approaches can be broadly grouped regarding the indicators they produce: Cost at risk (CaR) approach. The main indicator of interest that concerns this group is the CaR measure, whereby cost is typically measured as a ratio to GDP. The standard parts of the simulation the CaR computation is a framework simulating the paths of the underlying economic financial variables which are modeled using usual approaches like term structure modeling of interest rates (Bodler 2002, 2003) or autoregressive modeling of stochastic variables (Bergstrom and Holmlund, 2000). Default probability based on specified go vernments debt-to-GDP default ratio. This approach again uses simulated paths of economic variables and the debt structure to compute the corresponding government debt-to-GDP ratios, but switch the focus from CaR computation to sustainability of debt, using different stochastic modeling approach like Vector Autoregression models (Garcia and Rigobon, 2004) or system of Brownian motion (Xu and Ghezzi, 2004). Default probability based on a distress barrier. This approach work with an explicit measure of sovereign credit risk derived from a contingent claim analysis (Gapen, Gray, Limand Xiao (2005), Gray, Merton and Bodie (2005)) The first comprehensive research that discusses issues of risk management of public debt was conducted by the Organization for the Economic Cooperation and Development (2005), comprising both theoretical advances in the area and debt management authorities practices. However, this research encompasses mostly industrialized countries, paying a little atten tion to the developing and EMCs. Issues of risk management of public debt in emerging market countries still remain insufficiently covered field, although it has been argued that there is significant difference between volatility of macro variables between developed and emerging economies (Bloomenstein and Santiso, 2007). 4. RESEARCH GOALS Structure and level of government portfolio is driven by the government borrowing requirements, which are results of the broader fiscal and monetary policy of the country. Once the borrowing requirements are determined, the question that arises is whether risk management tools, which have been broadly used by business financial institutions like commercial banks or investments fund, could be efficiently applied to the public debt portfolio in order to minimize its costs. The main issue of the thesis is to assess the efficiency of the risk management approach to the mitigation of risk of public debt and the predictability of public debt costs and government loss. Tools for measurement of risk exposure of the public debt are considered and compared in order to investigate whether they could capture complexity of macro environment in EMCs. Then, dynamic modeling of the government loss function is analyzed trough the simulation models to assess robustness of the loss paths to the ad verse market movements. Further, contribution of the risk management approach to the optimization of the debt structure toward insurance of long-term sustainability and identification of appropriate instruments that should be used to hedge risk exposures is investigated. The major research questions based on general research framework are: Which measurement of the risk exposure is more appropriate to use for the assessment of the public debt riskiness? Does risk management approach to public debt management lead to the efficient cost-risk optimization of public debt portfolio? Which types of risks are mostly mitigated by application of risk management approach? Is it possible to structure public debt portfolio to be robust against shocks of supply or demand or sharp changes in interest and exchange rates? Do financial derivatives contribute to the mitigation of public debt risks? The following working hypotheses, which could be amended or refuted in the research process, are derived from the research questions: Risk measure based on VaR approach efficiently capture market risk of government portfolio loss. Application of VaR approach to the dynamic modeling of government loss is more efficient than Vector Autoregression Model (VAR) approach in terms of explanatory power. Optimal structure of the public debt lies at the efficient frontier reflecting risk-cost trade-off. Interest rate, exchange rate and rollover risks are successfully mitigated by risk management tools. Mitigation of operational risks and contingent liability risks are not affected by risk management tools. Maturity of the debt is affected by use of the interest or currency swaps as hedge instruments. The analysis will contribute both to the academic and economic policy fields. Within the academic field, it will give deeper insight how correlations between key macroeconomic variables, original sin and limited choice of market instruments and limited use of the financial instruments affect the efficient applicability of risk management tools to public debt management. Further, it contributes to the public debt offices of the EMCs, which have recognized the importance of the introduction of more sophisticated tools for quantification of the public debt risk. 5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The research design follows the deductive approach, starting with the review of the existing theoretical and empirical work as a basis for the operationalization of the hypotheses. In the second stage of the research, hypotheses are empirically tested; nature of the research hypotheses does not require collecting of primary data, thus for the empirical testing only secondary data provided by the relevant financial institutions and statistical offices are considered. In the theoretical part of the research, two sources of literature will be primary used. First, key academic papers published in renowned journals such as Journal of Political Economy, American Economic Review or Journal of Monetary Economics, on the subject of public debt management are reviewed. However, due to the relatively recent origins of the academic, review of already published academic papers is accompanied with numerous working papers which are still under the consideration of the expert public. Second, as the field of public debt is inevitably connected with economic policy practice, large number of public debt strategies, reports and policy papers issued by countrys debt offices and international organizations like World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and Bank for International Settlements is reviewed to complete theoretical and practical advances in the research field. The empirical part of the project starts with the descriptive analysis of secondary data on public debt and other macroeconomic parameters of EMCs. Relevant database will consists of monthly time series of necessary variables. Primarily source of the data will be International Monetary Fund and World Bank statistical data, accomplished with data of national banks and country statistical offices. The central part of the empirical research will be based on the regression analysis and Value-at-Risk analysis. Regarding the time horizons, analysis is longitu dinal, as it is imposed by the nature of the proposed analytical tools. The dependent variable which is modeled is cost of public debt as a measurement of government risk of loss. Independent variables include all macroeconomic variables grounded as relevant by the existing theory subjected to public debt management, as real GDP, public sector borrowing requirements, inflation, interest rates, country risk and exchange rates. In addition, Monte Carlo models are employed to simulate the dynamic of the debt costs, and back testing analysis is used to assess efficiency of the proposed model. Selected countries for the empirical analysis are Hungary, Poland and Czech which are widely recognized as the European EMCs by the world most prominent financial analytic entities. Focus of the empirical research on the only European countries, although practical in the term of data availability, diminish the power of generalization that is implied by deductive approach. However, the conclusion s of the research will be representative for the other emerging economies from the Central and Eastern Europe, regarding the similarity of transition character of their economies. 6. STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS Beside the introduction and conclusion chapters, Thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and empirical. Problem background, research framework and structure of the thesis are presented in the introduction. Theoretical part is divided in three chapters, each dealing with the critical review of the important findings of the existing literature. First chapter deals with the foundations of public debt management as general framework for the managing of the costs and risks of government finance. Second chapter defines risk management tools and discuss the role and various application of them within the public debt management framework. Third chapter analysis previously mentioned specific issues of public debt related to the EMCs. Empirical part consists of four chapters. First chapter gives cross-country analysis of the EMCs public debt risk management policy practices. Second chapter deals with the development of the hypothesis based on the overall literature review from the first part, supported with the findings for the investigated EMCs countries. Third chapter presents methodology, data and limitations of the research. Fourth chapter presents findings of the analysis in line with their critical discussion and implications. Conclusion part gives the comprehensive summary of the most important findings of the thesis and recommendations for the further research issues.

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Unfortunately, let me tell yes that Houston occurs the fourth place of the ten cities with drinking water issue after Pensacola, Riverside (California), Las Vegas, Riverside County (California), and Reno. Houston is the fourth large cities of the United States. It drains many water sources such as the Trinity River, the San Jacinto Rivers and Lake Houston. These water sources provide the drinking water that we use throughout the city. The quality of this water tested by Texas

Particular Elements Of Leadership Attained â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Particular Elements Of Leadership Attained? Answer: Introduction Leadership is a necessity for human success. All aspects of human life require particular elements of leadership to be attained. Despite its popularity, leadership remains a contentious topic to many people. In fact, the real meaning of leadership differs significantly from how many people perceive it. Precisely, I was among the many who did not have a precise comprehension of what leadership entails. However, after undertaking my studies throughout this semester, my perception on what leadership involves have significantly progressed. This reflection exhibits my knowledge development on leadership throughout the semester. It captures my prior understanding of leadership and illustrates how this view has been altered and enhanced by the semester content. Furthermore, the reflection outlines how studies on leadership have impacted on my life and points areas where I need to improve. With the world becoming globalized, it is vital to possess the appropriate leadership competencies. Alt hough the course lasted only of one semester, its contents significantly changed my marketing on leadership and its importance in the society. Reflection Initially, I thought that the term leadership is directly related to authority and power. In fact, I defined a leader an individual who uses coercive means to impose their will on others. I held that leaders are people who hold administrative positions in the society. In this respect, I understood leadership as the ability to impose persons will on their subjects. Furthermore, I believed that leadership is authoritative and cannot be questioned. Out of this view, I assumed that a leader is an individual who is there to be served by others. However, after interacting with course resources, my understanding of leadership and its fundamental elements changed. According to Bertocci (2009), leadership is the combination of attributes or personality traits in an individual that compels them to motivate others to achieve a specific goal. This revelation is completely different from my prior understanding. As the course progressed, I made several deductions on what leadership and a leader entail. Firstly, a leader is an individual who inspires other to achieve a goal. Leadership is about inspiring and motivating other regardless of your position. In this view, everyone one can be a leader in different capacities. For instance, in an organization, even a lowly ranked employee can serve as a leader through their actions. This insight refutes my earlier assumption that only those in high positions in organizations serve as leaders. Secondly, I discovered that leaders are agents of change. For one to be a leader, they must devise new ways of thinking and handling issues. According to Fairhurst and Connaughton (2014), leaders are persons whose actions affect other people more than other peoples acts affect them. The efficiency of influencing others emanates from the increased level of commitment that leader have to initiate change. From this argument, I realized that leadership requires dedication and handwork. In fact, this premise refutes my earlier proposition that leaders exist to be served. Instead, leaders exist to serve and cater to the needs of others. As a leader, one must take up certain obligations to justify their status. Consequently, this opinion illustrates that leadership is not easy as it appears on literature. Importantly, the concept of servant-leadership further elaborates that leaders are not there to give instructions. Instead, it insists that leaders exist to lead the way and inspire other to follow their actions. The concept of servant-leadership posits that all leaders are servants(Northouse, 2012). The servant-leadership concept argument enlightened me that leadership is not all about the use of coercive force and demand for results while sitting in an office. Instead, leaders should lead by example. Moreover, the concept insists that leadership should not be used as a tool for creating class division between the leaders and their servants. In contrast, leadership exists to optimize the interaction between individuals in the society. In this respect, I learned that leaders should be role models to the community. This view implies that leaders should identify with hardships that others are experiencing. Moreover, the course also educated me that leaders influence the motivation of team members through non-coercive means. This understanding transformed my previous perceptions that leaders are authoritative and cannot be challenged. Although leaders command some degree of authority due to their position, this power should not be used to impose ones will on others. In the modern business world, people fear their leader because of the powers invested in them by their organization. However, effective leaders should psychologically utilize these powers to motivate others in goal achievement. Over the years, I struggled to make clear distinctions between leadership and management. In fact, I believed that there is no difference between a manager and a leader. My previous opinions were greatly influenced by the structure of the modern market environment. The way the present society operates, it is difficult to make clear distinctions between a manager and a leader. These two terms are used interchangeably to refer to those who hold a high position in organizations. However, after scrutinizing the semester materials, I realized that significant differences exist between leadership and management. The main difference between these two is that management focuses on planning, organizing, and coordination of activities while leadership emphasizes on inspiring and motivating (Kotter,2008). Out of these key distinctions, I deducted the difference between a leader and a manager. A leader inspires and motivates people to follow them while a manager has individuals working for them. Throughout history, there have been heated debates on whether leaders are made or born. Early scholars like Thomas Carlyle contended that leaders are born. They even went forth to devise frameworks like the great man and trait theories to support their opinion. Before interaction with the course materials, I also held the view that leaders are born. In fact, I backed up my opinion by outlining that renowned leaders possessed certain unique attributes. However, after reading several modern leadership theories from the course materials, I realized that leaders could also be made. According to Dav (2000), leaders one can become a leader by acquiring certain competencies through training. Through training, one can acquire leadership competencies like effective communication, team work, conflict management and decision-making. This view implies that it possible for one to be a leader even if they hail from a family that has not produced renowned leaders in the past. In the contemporary business environment, leaders are defined by the success of their organizations. With clear distinctions lacking between management and leadership in the present society, people have used profitability of firms a yardstick to measure a leaders success. However, I acquired y essential points from the course materials which changed my view on leadership success debate. I learned that there is a direct relationship between leadership success and organizational culture. According to Baumgartner (2009), an organizations culture can limit the effectiveness of a leader. For instance, an organization that lacks a transformative culture can hinder the ability of a leader to initiate change. As an aspiring leader, I learned that it is vital to scrutinize the culture of an organization before joining it. Moreover, I gained insight that leadership is not gendered. In the past years, there have been misconceptions that women cannot make effective leaders. In fact, I also doubted women's ability to lead. My doubts emanated from the reality that majority of popular leaders are men. However, Burke and Collins (2001) disproves such assumptions and assert that any gender can produce leaders. In fact, the economics of successful female leaders like Mary Barra of General Motors confirms the view of Burke and Collins (2001) on the ability of women to lead. This view has made believe that anyone can be a leader when given a chance. In future, I will advocate for equality in leadership positions in my organization. I have realized that it is wrong to presume that men are better leaders than women or vice versa. The learning materials have also exposed me to the essential leadership competencies. Initially, these concepts were not clear. However, as the course progressed they become precise and clear. At the initial stages, the course addressed general features of leadership. But as time progressed and the instructor focused on the specifics, the concepts become apparent. The key leadership competencies like communication, integrity, decision-making and conflict resolution strategies learned throughout course will enable me to develop the essential employability skills. Currently, organizations want employees who are leaders. With these competencies in mind, I can utilize them for employment purposes and personal development. Importantly, I have learned that a leader cannot thrive without ethics. According to Trevino, Hartman, and Brown (2000), ethical leaders make decisions that respect the integrity and dignity of others. Moreover, they insist on being fair, considerate, and honest. As a result, I learned that leadership entail not only motivating or inspiring people, but also being concerned about their welfare. The arguments on ethical leadership inspired me to revisit my decision-making skills. Furthermore, it made me understand why some leaders are successful while other are not. As a future leader, the ethical leadership theories challenged me always to consider the interests of others in every situation. In fact, it made me realize that leadership is about the welfare of the society not of the leader. However, I have to make several improvements to be an effective leader. Leadership calls for an individual to have excellent and effective communication skills. Without effective communication skills, a leader cannot motivate or inspire others. Despite having good communication skills, I struggle when it comes to public speaking. To enhance my public communication skills, I need to engage in group activities actively. Actions like group discussions provide an exceptional environment for individuals to develop appropriate interpersonal communication skills and courage. Additionally, I need to learn more on cross-cultural leadership. Currently, globalization has eliminated cultural barriers in leadership. People now talk about leadership in a global context. In a global environment, a leader interacts with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. Bertocci (2009) notes that the world is not static so is leadership. Leadership evolves with time. In the future, leaders will be required to possess exceptional multi-cultural leadership competencies. Consequently, I must expose myself to the various significant global cultural issues that impact on leadership. This goal requires me to interact with people from different cultures and studies on multicultural leadership. Leadership is practical. Reading loads of leadership materials will be in vain if the skills acquired are not exercised. In this respect, I will actively engage in leadership actions at different capacities. Taking leadership positions will enable me to experience the challenges that leaders endure in their daily activities. As Bertocci (2009) points out, leaders interact with people with differing interests. Moreover, these people hail from different backgrounds. Dealing with different people makes leadership a complex affair which requires experience. Apart from gaining leadership insights, participating in leadership roles will provide me sufficient feedback on my abilities and drawbacks. Obtaining frequent feedbacks will empower me to work objectively to improve my shortcomings. Additionally, I will consistently interact with various leaders to gain awareness on how they operate. I believe that the amalgamation of these interactions with what I have learned during this semester w ill assist me to improve my leadership abilities. With the course material confirming the leadership can be nurtured, I will work hard to attain the vital leadership competencies. Conclusion The semester materials have equipped me with sufficient insights on leadership and its vital elements. Throughout the term, my understanding of leadership has significantly improved. Particularly, I have been able to differentiate leadership from management. Moreover, I have understood the key competencies required for effective leadership. The various leadership theories covered in the semester have enriched my comprehension on the evolution of leadership and how it relates to the changes in the society. However, the course has also challenged me to improve by leadership aptitudes. Specifically, I need to improve my communication efficiency and insight on the leadership environment. To attain these goals, I will actively participate in leadership roles, network with various leaders, and read literature on leadership. In summary, the semester materials have significantly changed my perceptions on leadersh References Baumgartner, R. (2009). Organizational culture and leadership: Preconditions for the development of a sustainable corporation. Sustainable business Development, 17(2), 102-113. Bertocci, D. I. (2009). Leadership in Organizations: There is a Difference Between Leaders and Managers. New York: University Press of America. Burke, S., Collins, K. M. (2001). Gender differences in leadership styles and management skills. Women in Management Review, 16(5), 244-256. Day, D. (2000). Leadership development: A review in context. Leadership Quarterly, 11, 581-613. Fairhurst, G. T., Connaughton, S. L. (2014). A communicative perspective. accounting, 10(1), 7-35. Kotter, J. P. (2008). Force For Change: How Leadership Differs from Management. New York: The Free Press. Northouse, P. G. (2012). Leadership: Theory and Practice (6th ed.). London: SAGE Publications. Trevino, L. K., Hartman, L. P., Brown, M. (2000). Moral person and moral manager: how executives develop a reputation for ethical leadership. California Management Review, 42(4), 128-142.

Selection Methods CERA

Question: Discuss about the Selection Methods CERA. Answer: Introduction The study will describe the advantages of two selection methods CERA will implement in their recruitment process that will focus on the representation of the aboriginal people in the workforce. The two selection methods chosen for the designation of the financial controller position in CERA are Psychometric test and structured and skilful interviews. Two methods of selection CERA has created many opportunities on behalf of the employees of the company and for the community they are operating. The company endeavour in discriminating based on skills and expertise and the organization is recognized as the diverse workforce. Diverse workforce will represent each section of the community including the Aboriginals. The company maintains the goal of opportunity for all that includes new methods of selection while representing the aboriginals specifically. The advantages of two methods of selection i.e. psychometric test and skilful and structured interviews in the light of financial controller position in CERA are discussed below. Psychometric Testing: In the selection method of financial controller position in CERA, psychometric testing is an important method of selection for the preferred designation. CERA will use a series of test in order to rest the character and attributes of the candidates. The series of test will include subjects like personality profiling, aptitude testing and ability testing. The advantage of this test is to intimidate few candidates that are proven great in terms of compatibility with the other employees associated with the organization especially in the financial department (Koskan et al., 2013). As a financial controller, the candidate will have to communicate with the employees of other departments as well, hence the nature of the candidates needs to be known by the company before hiring in the required job field. Apart from that, it will help CERA in including Aboriginal people in the company for achieving the goal of opportunity for all not only by the human resource department of the company but al so by the strategic department of the company (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Skilled and structured Interview: Another selection method is the structured and skilled interviews. In this technique, the interviewer usually asks questions to the interviewee related to the past events of the previous job. The candidate has to solve the problem by his experiences in the job of financial controller (Townley, 2014). However, the interviewer will ask discretionary probing questions in order to handle the artificial situation created by the interviewer more efficiently. This type of interview can be also known as situational and behavioural interviews as it will help CERA in judging the candidate in terms of behaviour during critical situations. In addition, temporary situations are created in the interview so it is also termed as situational interview (Shackleton, 2015). Conclusion It can be concluded that the two selection methods of skilful and structured interviews and psychometric tests are applicable for CERA in terms of including aboriginal representation in the company. The advantages along with the problems of these methods are discussed in the study so that CERA can customize the methods of selection according to the requirements. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Koskan, A. M., Hilfinger Messias, D. K., Friedman, D. B., Brandt, H. M., Walsemann, K. M. (2013). Program planners' perspectives of promotora roles, recruitment, and selection.Ethnicity health,18(3), 262-279. Shackleton, V. (2015). Recruitment and selection. Elements of Applied Psychology. Townley, B. (2014). Selection and appraisal: reconstituting.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals).

A Writing Process Essay Sample

A Writing Process Essay SampleWriting a writing process essay sample can be a challenging task to undertake, but if you know how to do it, it can help you get through the entire composition process with ease. Because essay writing is always a team effort between the writer and the reader, it makes sense to develop a system for outlining your topics. There are many different elements that make up a good outline for a writing process essay, but here are a few of the most common ones.Familiarizing yourself with your topic, will go a long way towards preparing you for the writing process. Knowing what it is that you want to express, will help you put the pieces together in an orderly fashion. For example, if you're trying to create a description of your personal experiences as a parent, then by reading books that relate to this topic or taking part in discussions with others who have experienced it can help you form a strong outline.Going beyond generalities, you should look at your topi cs from an interesting side. When you're using an outline to craft a writing process essay, you'll find that the more unique your topic is, the more ideas you'll have to draw on to produce the best possible essay. If you're creating a science essay sample, you might choose to take part in research related to the topic. If you're creating a story or fiction essay, you can explore different stories and tell the reader what makes each one special.Not only should you be thinking about the stories or novels that you're going to discuss, but you'll also need to create an overall outline. By defining your goals for the essay, and planning the main argument for each section, you can break the entire document down into manageable chunks. This will also make it easier to follow, since you'll have a clear understanding of where the parts of the essay go.Once you've decided on the overall structure of the essay, it's time to start brainstorming for ideas. Create a list of the main points of the document, and take them one by one until you have a good idea of how they'll fit into the overall topic. Also consider how they relate to the other ideas that you have.Just as with the brainstorming process, you should never rush when doing research for the essay. You should look at the examples provided by the assigned editor, as well as using your own notes to find ideas. This is because the essays that are completed in the fastest time may be those that are not of the highest quality.Creating a good outline for a writing process also requires attention to detail. Being able to create a document that is not only chronological but is also readable, is a skill that you can gain from the experience. It's also a good way to save yourself the effort of developing a formal style guide in the event that you need to write a paper for an upcoming exam.By following the outline that is provided in the writing process, you'll find that the majority of the work that needs to be done is done f or you. Because you have an outline to refer to, you won't need to read through the rest of the essay to get the idea of what the author is trying to say. With a few ideas that you have decided on, you'll have a good starting point for your writing project.

Management Theories free essay sample

This essay presents several management theories and ideas which can be seen in the Vascellaro article. They include Fayol’s four managerial functions, some ideas about levels of management, Mintzberg’s managerial roles, and challenges for management in the general and global environments, especially achieving a competitive advantage. The essay concludes by considering the implications of Ms Decker’s plan for Yahoo! ’s staff. Managerial functions, levels of management Ms Susan Decker, the president of Yahoo! , will soon unveil a new ‘operational blueprint. ’ A blueprint is a plan or model, so by definition this is part of the planning function. Because the change is a large one – it involves the whole organisation – it is not surprising that it involves the top levels of management. The plan involves centralising the accounting functions of the company’s web services. This relates to the organising function in Yahoo! : we would expect to see more central control of employees who carry out accounting tasks if Ms Decker’s plan goes ahead. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Theories or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because Ms Decker must ‘sell the plan to employees’ we can regard her as carrying out the function of leading, because leaders have to present a vision or idea to their organisation. The organising function appears again with the mention of the ‘internal shake-up’: the reporting relationships in Yahoo! are being changed ‘to restore confidence’. Presumably Ms Decker believes that new staff rather than the present executives would do a better job of putting her new plan in place. As well, several senior staff (three vice-presidents and several other executives) are leaving, so this means Yahoo will need to allocate their work to other people. The controlling function is not mentioned directly, but at the end of the article we are told that ‘the investment community’ would like to be more confident that Yahoo! has ‘devise[d] new ways to strengthen its brand against Google and to compete for consumers’ increasingly fragmented attention online’. This would require working out exactly how to monitor Yahoo! ’s performance against these goals, but it is not clear from the article what these evaluation mechanisms would be. Mintzberg’s management roles Mintzberg would regard Ms Decker’s development of new web services as part of the entrepreneurial role, since it is a major new project for Yahoo. In addition, ‘selling the plan to staff’ relates to Mintzberg’s ‘spokesperson’ role, and the ‘organisational shake-up’ relates to the ‘resource allocator’ role, because staff have to be assigned to specific projects. If Ms Decker needs to deal with negative perceptions of the investment community, she would be carrying out the ‘disturbance handler’ role. Challenges for management in a global environment Yahoo! is a global company: it operates and competes in more than one country. However the article makes it clear that Yahoo! has had difficulty achieving a competitive advantage against its major competitor, Google. To use the definition given in Waddell et al. (2007: 21-22), Yahoo! is so far not able to ‘produce desired goods or services more efficiently and effectively’ than that particular competitor. Waddell et al. (p. 22) say that the four building blocks of competitive advantage are ‘superior efficiency; quality; speed, flexibility and innovation; and responsiveness to customers’. Yahoo! ’s latest strategy, devising new web services which would appeal to different regions worldwide, appears to be aimed at ‘responsiveness to customers’, and also ‘innovation’, since the regional focus would differentiate Yahoo! ’s web services from Google’s. The organisation’s environment Waddell et al. 2007: 58) say that resources in the organisational environment ‘include the raw materials and skilled people that an organisation requires to produce goods and services’. Several skilled executives have already left Yahoo! , and there are fears that more will leave, so Yahoo! is clearly having difficulty keeping its skilled human resources. Conclusions and implications The article gives good insights into Yahoo’ s situation in its broader environment, the management roles being carried out by its president, and the four management functions at a general level. It does not discuss how Yahoo! ’s employees feel about the changes. However because some are leaving, it is likely that at least some of the remaining employees may be concerned about whether they will also lose their jobs. Even if they stay, they may be worried about having to do the work of their former colleagues. Some may be concerned about the extra work and responsibility, and others may be worried about whether they have the necessary training. All this could give Google, Yahoo! s main competitor, an opportunity to recruit these unhappy staff or the staff who have already left the company. Yahoo! ’s CEO should discuss with the president of its human resource department how to manage this difficult situation.